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Primer reporte de coccidiosis en tortugas verdes (Chelonia mydas) del Golfo de Venezuela
First report of coccidiosis in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the Gulf of Venezuela
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v41n2.66421Palabras clave:
Caribe, coccidiosis, enfermedades parasitarias, reptiles (es)Caribbean, coccidiosis, parasitic diseases, reptiles (en)
Los parásitos coccidiales afectan varias especies de reptiles a nivel mundial y son responsables de la muerte de cientos de ejemplares cautivos y silvestres en diferentes regiones del planeta. Entre los años 2011 y 2013, cuatro de 108 tortugas verdes (3,70 %) rescatadas por Grupo de Trabajo en Tortugas Marinas del Golfo de Venezuela, a través de la “Red de Aviso Oportuno (RAO)”, presentaron diferentes estadios evolutivos morfológicamente semejantes a Caryospora sp. en heces o tejidos. Los animales infectados fueron juveniles de tortuga verde capturados por pesquerías artesanales. Se les practicaron exámenes físicos, coprológicos y hematológicos. En tres ejemplares se observaron abundantes ooquistes de morfología compatible con Caryospora cheloniae (K001, K002, SB001). Uno de los animales presentó en capa blanca, leucocitos que contenían estructuras parecidas a esporozoitos de Caryospora sp, indicativo de coccidiosis sistémica. Dos de las tortugas se encontraron asintomáticas (K003, SB001), y dos se presentaron clínicamente enfermas con signos neurológicos como movimientos involuntarios de cabeza y aletas, espasmos musculares, movimientos natatorios circulares y depresión. Dos animales murieron (K001, K002), en ambos se encontraron diversos estadios de un organismo coccidial consistente con Caryospora sp. en intestino, además una enteritis necrótica moderada. Este constituye el primer reporte de coccidiosis en tortugas marinas en Venezuela y en el Caribe sur.
Coccidian parasites affect several reptilian species worldwide and they are responsible of the demise of hundreds of specimens either in the wilderness or in captivity among several localities throughout the world. Between 2011 and 2013, four out of 108 individuals (3.70 %), were rescued by the Grupo de Trabajo en Tortugas Marinas del Golfo de Venezuela (GTTM-GV) through its protocol ‘Red de Aviso Oportuno’ (RAO), shown symptoms and signs of a possible disease morphologically resembling to Caryospora sp. in intestines and other tissues. Physical, coprological and hematological examinations were carried out to juvenile specimens of Green Turtles captured by artisanal fishing gear. We found abundant oocysts with morphologies compatible with Caryospora cheloniae in three individuals (K002, K003, and SB001). One of the sampled individuals exhibited leukocytes containing structures similar to sporozoites of Caryospora sp., indicating a systemic coccidiosis. Two of the evaluated turtles (K003, SB001) were asymptomatic, and the other two (K001, K002) were clinically ill with neurological signs, such as involuntary movements of the head and flippers, muscle spasms, circular swimming movements and depression. Two of the turtles studied died, in both were found several parasitic stages of a coccidial structure in their intestines, and severe necrotic enteritis. This is the first report of coccidial disease in marine turtles in Venezuela and the southern Caribbean.
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