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Identification of areas for photovoltaic projects in La Guajira Using GIS and multicriteria analysis
Identificación de áreas para proyectos fotovoltaicos en La Guajira mediante SIG y análisis multicriterio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v93n240.121640Palabras clave:
Photovoltaic energy, GIS, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process (en)Energía fotovoltaica, SIG, Modelo de Decisiones Multicriterio, Proceso Analítico Jerárquico (es)
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The advancement of alternative energy in Colombia reflects a strong and shared commitment from both the national government and its citizens. The objective of this work is to characterize the potential areas for the implementation of photovoltaic projects in La Guajira, a region whose solar potential is high, but also has a complex social and environmental context. GIS and AHP were employed to evaluate several parameters including technical, environmental and socio-economic factors (solar irradiation, temperature, slope, aspect, nearness to infrastructure). The results reveal that 14.4% of La Guajira’s land is very suitable for solar projects, most of it being in the southwest of the department. It is consistent with the government's national policies to encourage renewable energy and supports the diversification of Colombia’s energy complex and fosters development in vulnerable regions. The approach can be adapted in comparable contexts, contributing to global action on clean energy transitions and climate change.
El avance de las energías alternativas en Colombia refleja un compromiso fuerte y compartido tanto del gobierno nacional como de sus ciudadanos. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar las áreas potenciales para la implementación de proyectos fotovoltaicos en La Guajira, una región cuyo potencial solar es alto, pero que también tiene un contexto social y ambiental complejo. Se emplearon SIG y AHP para evaluar varios parámetros, incluidos factores técnicos, ambientales y socioeconómicos (irradiación solar, temperatura, pendiente, aspecto, proximidad a la infraestructura). Los resultados revelan que el 14.4% de la tierra de La Guajira es muy apta para proyectos solares, la mayoría de ellos en el suroeste del departamento. Es coherente con las políticas nacionales del Gobierno para fomentar las energías renovables y apoya la diversificación del complejo energético de Colombia y fomenta el desarrollo en regiones vulnerables. El enfoque puede adaptarse en contextos comparables, contribuyendo a la acción mundial sobre las transiciones a la energía limpia y el cambio climático.
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