Publicado

2026-03-16

Hybrid material of recycled plastics (PET and PP) and aggregates for the manufacture of sustainable paving blocks

Material híbrido de plásticos reciclados (PET y PP) y áridos para la fabricación de adoquines sostenibles

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v93n240.122847

Palabras clave:

sustainable construction, recycled plastics, hybrid materials, rural pavements (en)
construcción sostenible, plásticos reciclados, materiales híbridos, pavimentos rurales (es)

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Sustainable construction requires innovative materials that minimize environmental impact and optimize resource use. Recycling widely discarded plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) offers a viable strategy to reduce waste accumulation and reliance on virgin resources. This study develops and characterizes a hybrid material made from recycled PET and PP combined with mineral aggregates for manufacturing eco-paving blocks intended for rural construction. Several mix proportions were tested, achieving compressive strengths of 20–25 MPa and flexural strengths near 10 MPa, values comparable to conventional concrete pavers but with significantly lower weight. Water absorption remained ≤1%, complying with Ecuadorian Standard INEN 3040 and European Standard UNE-EN 1338. The findings demonstrate that incorporating recycled plastics into paving blocks supports the circular economy, reduces plastic pollution, and provides lightweight, durable, and cost-efficient alternatives suitable for agricultural and rural infrastructure, contributing to more sustainable construction practices.

La construcción sostenible exige materiales innovadores que reduzcan el impacto ambiental y promuevan el uso eficiente de los recursos. El reciclaje de plásticos ampliamente desechados, como el tereftalato de polietileno (PET) y el polipropileno (PP), surge como una estrategia viable para disminuir la acumulación de residuos y la extracción de recursos vírgenes. Este estudio desarrolla y caracteriza un material híbrido elaborado a partir de PET y PP reciclados combinados con áridos para fabricar eco-adoquines destinados a edificaciones rurales. Se evaluaron distintas proporciones de mezcla, obteniéndose resistencias a compresión de 20–25 MPa y resistencias a flexión cercanas a 10 MPa, valores comparables a los de adoquines de hormigón, pero con un peso significativamente menor. La absorción de agua fue ≤1%, cumpliendo con la NTE INEN 3040 y la norma europea UNE-EN 1338. Los resultados evidencian que incorporar plásticos reciclados en elementos constructivos impulsa la economía circular y ofrece materiales livianos, resistentes y de bajo costo adecuados para infraestructura rural sostenible.

Referencias

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[2] Hyuni, J., Giyoung, S., Hojung, K., Lam, T.H., Jonggeon, J., Hyo, J.K., Hyeonyeol, J., Jeyoung P., Dongyeop X.O., Review of polymer technologies for improving the recycling and upcycling efficiency of plastic waste. Chemosphere, 320, Art. 138089, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138089

[3] Ramin-Tolou, J., Ali, H., Alireza, M., Using woven recycled plastic fibers in reinforced concrete beams. Construction and Building Materials, 404, Art. 133262, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133262

[4] Abang, S., Wong, F., Sarbatly, R., Sariau, J., Baini, R., Awang-Besar, N., Bioplastic classifications and innovations in antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant applications. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts. 8(4), pp. 361-387, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobab.2023.06.005.

[5] Sierra-Montes, L.F., Bioplásticos activos biodegradables en suelo para aplicaciones agronómicas. In Encuentro de Becaries de Grado y Posgrado de la UNLP (EBEC). La Plata, 20 de noviembre de 2024.

[6] Fan, X., Yu, Z., Yi-Fan, Y., Shi-Qi, L., Xi, W., Ying, Y., Yun-Xiang, X., Bioplastics with high mechanical strength, transparency, chemical stability, and recyclability by introducing dynamic ester bonds and rigid benzene rings into natural rubber, Polymer, 337, Art. 128956, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128956.

[7] Farah, S.S., Thinesh, S.B., Mohamed-Thariq H.S., The evolution and environmental prospects of renewable bioplastics: types, production methods, and sustainability. Journal of Renewable Materials,13(6), pp. 1071-1101, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2024.02024-0011.

[8] NTE-INEN, 3040: Concrete Paving Units–Requirements and Test Methods. Instituto Ecuatoriano de Normalización, 2016.

[9] UNE, 41410, Concrete–determination of compressive strength.

[10] UNE-EN 1338, Precast concrete paving flags–requirements and test methods.

[11] Antón, N., González-Fernández, Á., and Villarino, A., Reliability and mechanical properties of materials recycled from multilayer flexible packages. Materials, 13(18), 3992, 2020.

[12] Solano, E.F., Pedroza, J.B., y Roa, S.A.Q., Evaluación de la resistencia a la flexión en baldosas esmaltadas de cerámica en función de los ciclos de hielo y deshielo. Revista colombiana de tecnologías de avanzada (RCTA), 1(25), pp.92-98. 2017.

Cómo citar

IEEE

[1]
M. J. Valarezo-Ulloa, «Hybrid material of recycled plastics (PET and PP) and aggregates for the manufacture of sustainable paving blocks», DYNA, vol. 93, n.º 240, pp. 116–121, ene. 2026.

ACM

[1]
Valarezo-Ulloa, M.J., Tinoco-Tinoco, F.E., Granda-Pardo, J.C., Veintimilla-Ortega, M. del C., Paucar-Carrión, K.Y., González-Carrión, Érika L. y Ojeda-Brito, G.A. 2026. Hybrid material of recycled plastics (PET and PP) and aggregates for the manufacture of sustainable paving blocks. DYNA. 93, 240 (ene. 2026), 116–121. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v93n240.122847.

ACS

(1)
Valarezo-Ulloa, M. J.; Tinoco-Tinoco, F. E.; Granda-Pardo, J. C.; Veintimilla-Ortega, M. del C.; Paucar-Carrión, K. Y.; González-Carrión, Érika L.; Ojeda-Brito, G. A. Hybrid material of recycled plastics (PET and PP) and aggregates for the manufacture of sustainable paving blocks. DYNA 2026, 93, 116-121.

APA

Valarezo-Ulloa, M. J., Tinoco-Tinoco, F. E., Granda-Pardo, J. C., Veintimilla-Ortega, M. del C., Paucar-Carrión, K. Y., González-Carrión, Érika L. & Ojeda-Brito, G. A. (2026). Hybrid material of recycled plastics (PET and PP) and aggregates for the manufacture of sustainable paving blocks. DYNA, 93(240), 116–121. https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v93n240.122847

ABNT

VALAREZO-ULLOA, M. J.; TINOCO-TINOCO, F. E.; GRANDA-PARDO, J. C.; VEINTIMILLA-ORTEGA, M. del C.; PAUCAR-CARRIÓN, K. Y.; GONZÁLEZ-CARRIÓN, Érika L.; OJEDA-BRITO, G. A. Hybrid material of recycled plastics (PET and PP) and aggregates for the manufacture of sustainable paving blocks. DYNA, [S. l.], v. 93, n. 240, p. 116–121, 2026. DOI: 10.15446/dyna.v93n240.122847. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/dyna/article/view/122847. Acesso em: 19 mar. 2026.

Chicago

Valarezo-Ulloa, María José, Freddy Eliazar Tinoco-Tinoco, Julio Cesar Granda-Pardo, María del Cisne Veintimilla-Ortega, Katty Yadira Paucar-Carrión, Érika Lucia González-Carrión, y Galo Antonio Ojeda-Brito. 2026. «Hybrid material of recycled plastics (PET and PP) and aggregates for the manufacture of sustainable paving blocks». DYNA 93 (240):116-21. https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v93n240.122847.

Harvard

Valarezo-Ulloa, M. J., Tinoco-Tinoco, F. E., Granda-Pardo, J. C., Veintimilla-Ortega, M. del C., Paucar-Carrión, K. Y., González-Carrión, Érika L. y Ojeda-Brito, G. A. (2026) «Hybrid material of recycled plastics (PET and PP) and aggregates for the manufacture of sustainable paving blocks», DYNA, 93(240), pp. 116–121. doi: 10.15446/dyna.v93n240.122847.

MLA

Valarezo-Ulloa, M. J., F. E. Tinoco-Tinoco, J. C. Granda-Pardo, M. del C. Veintimilla-Ortega, K. Y. Paucar-Carrión, Érika L. González-Carrión, y G. A. Ojeda-Brito. «Hybrid material of recycled plastics (PET and PP) and aggregates for the manufacture of sustainable paving blocks». DYNA, vol. 93, n.º 240, enero de 2026, pp. 116-21, doi:10.15446/dyna.v93n240.122847.

Turabian

Valarezo-Ulloa, María José, Freddy Eliazar Tinoco-Tinoco, Julio Cesar Granda-Pardo, María del Cisne Veintimilla-Ortega, Katty Yadira Paucar-Carrión, Érika Lucia González-Carrión, y Galo Antonio Ojeda-Brito. «Hybrid material of recycled plastics (PET and PP) and aggregates for the manufacture of sustainable paving blocks». DYNA 93, no. 240 (enero 19, 2026): 116–121. Accedido marzo 19, 2026. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/dyna/article/view/122847.

Vancouver

1.
Valarezo-Ulloa MJ, Tinoco-Tinoco FE, Granda-Pardo JC, Veintimilla-Ortega M del C, Paucar-Carrión KY, González-Carrión Érika L, Ojeda-Brito GA. Hybrid material of recycled plastics (PET and PP) and aggregates for the manufacture of sustainable paving blocks. DYNA [Internet]. 19 de enero de 2026 [citado 19 de marzo de 2026];93(240):116-21. Disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/dyna/article/view/122847

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