Publicado

2016-10-01

El índice de emisiones como parámetro para evaluar la contaminación ambiental de las Centrales Térmicas. Estudio de caso

The emission index as a parameter for assessing the environmental pollution from thermal power plants. Case study

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v83n199.51384

Palabras clave:

Contaminación, centrales térmicas, medio ambiente. (es)
Pollution, electricity generation, environment (en)

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En las plantas generadoras de electricidad, además de la energía eléctrica, se generan contaminantes del aire por los gases de escape. Hay normas nacionales e internacionales que establecen los límites permisibles de diferentes sustancias, pero no existe una expresión matemática para evaluar el impacto ambiental producido por todos los componentes de los gases como un todo. En este trabajo se desarrolla un procedimiento para evaluar este impacto. A la expresión matemática desarrollada se le denominó "índice de emisiones". Se ofrecen los índices de emisiones para motores de gas y de Fueloil. Para tener una idea exacta del impacto ambiental de cada tipo de motor se desarrolló también el "índice de emisiones específicas", que es la tasa de emisión dividida por la potencia del motor. Se ofrecen comparaciones entre los índices de emisión específicos de los motores a través de un estudio de caso de una planta generadora de electricidad en la ciudad de Manaus.
In power plants, in addition to electricity, a lot of air pollution by exhaust gases are generated. There are many national and international standards that establish the permissible limits of different substances, but still has not been developed a mathematical expression to evaluate the environmental impact caused by all components of the exhaust gases as a whole. A method to evaluate this impact is developed in this paper. The developed mathematical expression was called "emission rate". Emission rates for gas engines and fuel oil engines are offered. To get a better idea of the environmental impact of each type of engine was also developed the "specific emission index", which is the emission rate divided by the power delivered by the engine. Comparisons between specific emission rates of different engines are offered by means of a case study in a power plant in the city of Manaus.

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[1]
“El índice de emisiones como parámetro para evaluar la contaminación ambiental de las Centrales Térmicas. Estudio de caso”, DYNA, vol. 83, no. 199, pp. 218–224, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.15446/dyna.v83n199.51384.

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