La condensación y el cambio en la presión parcial como causa principal del flujo de aire: Evidencia experimental

Primer acercamiento a la mecánica de contacto en amputados transfemorales unilaterales

Publicado

2017-07-01

Condensation and partial pressure change as a major cause of airflow: Experimental evidence

La condensación y el cambio en la presión parcial como causa principal del flujo de aire: Evidencia experimental

Palabras clave:

Airflow, condensation, convection, anisotropic (en)
Flujo de aire, condensación, convección, anisotrópico (es)

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Autores/as

Peter Paul Bunyard IDEASA Universidad Sergio Arboleda, retired, Bogotá, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2573-003X
Martin Hodnett Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, UK, (retired, UK). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-0384
Carlos Peña Facultad de Matemática, Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Bogotá, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9818-3033
Javier Burgos Salcedo Corporación para la Investigación y la Innovación – CIINAS, Bogotá, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1257-4226

Peter Paul Bunyard

Natural Sciences Parts 1 and 2, Cambridge University, MA. (honours), 1965;

Insect Physiology, Harvard University, MA. 1964.

Fellow of the Linnean Society, 1995 (proposed by Professor Richard Schultes, Emeritus Professor of Ethnobotany, Harvard University).

Member of the American Geophysical Union.

Professional Experience:

1963 -1964. Post Graduate in Insect Physiology at Harvard University. See the details of research in PNAS: RNA Metabolism in Pupae of the Oak Silkworm, Antheraea pernyi: the effects of diapause,development and injury. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Vol 52, No 6, pp 1572-l580, Dec 1964. (Can be viewed at http://www.pnas.org/content/52/6/1572.full.pdf)

1964 – 1966. Medical Editor for Edward Arnold Publishers.

1969. Co-editor and founding editor of The Ecologist. Since 1998 - Science Editor.

1966 - 1972. Science Editor of World Medicine.

1980 – 1981. Secretary&editor: Committee for the Study of Nuclear Economics, UK.

1984 – 1989. Editor of International Zoo News.

1987 – 1989. Consultant for Greenpeace UK on Nuclear Power.

1977 – 1992. Consultant editor for Industry and Environment Office, United Nations Environment Programme, Paris, France.

1989 – 2008. Activities concerning indigenous peoples, the climatic role of the rainforest, including field work in the Colombian Amazon.

2009 – February 2011. Talks on the Amazon, given at Humboldt State University, California, A&M University, Texas, the University of Houston, Rice University, Texas , also in Bogota, Colombia (Universidad de Santo Tomás; Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas y Fisicas; Colegio Verde, Villa de Leyva.

2009-2011. Lecturer and researcher at the University of Santo Tomás, Bogotá, Colombia.

2012- 2015. Researcher at IDEASA, the University Sergio Arboleda, Bogotá, Colombia.

Present (2016). Independent research into the physics of the biotic pump theory.

Books

1. The Politics of Self-Sufficiency, OUP, 1980. (co-author Michael Allaby).

2. Nuclear Britain, New English Library 1981.

3. The Green Alternative Guide to Good Living, (editor/main author), Methuen 1987.

4. Health Guide for the Nuclear Age, Macmillans (London) 1988

5. Dam Building in the Tropics, (in The Geophysiology of Amazonia), Wiley 1986

6. Report on World Industry, Conference on Environmental Management. (co-author), United Nations Environment Programme, 1985

7. El impacto social y en el medio ambiente de los grandes, proyectos de inversion, XV Congreso Inter-Americano de Planificación, 1985, Bogotá, Colombia.

8. Nuclear Energy after Chernobyl. In Earth Report, Mitchell Beazley 1988

9. The Gaia Hypothesis: Thesis, Mechanism, and Implications (editor & contributor), The Proceedings of the Wadebridge Ecological Centre 1987 symposium on The Gaia Hypothesis, 1988.

10. Gaia and Evolution (co-editor), The 2^nd Annual Symposium of the WEC. 1989.

11. The Colombian Amazon: Policies for its Indigenous Peoples. Ecological Press, 1990.

12. New Responsibilities: The Indigenous Peoples of the Colombian Amazon. Director and author of a field study carried out in 1992 for AidEnvironment, supported by GTZ, Germany, 1992.

13. Indigenous Rights - Colombia’s Policy for the Amazon. A Future for the Land. Green Books, 1992.

14. Guardians of the Forest: Indigenist Policies in the Colombian Amazon, in Tropical Rainforests. Latin American Nature and Society in Transition. Jaguar 1993.

15. Gaia in Action: Science of the Living World, Editor, Floris Books (Edinburgh), 1996.

16. The Amazon Basin Countries and the European Commission, (contributor). A joint report by the working Group on Amazonas for the EEC. 1992.

17. Imperilled Planet (5000 Days to Save the Planet). (co-author), MIT Press, Boston, Mass, 1990 and Hamlyn Books 1990. (Translated in more than five languages).

18. The Mangroves of Africa and Madagascar. (Editor/writer) European Commission, 1993.

19. Nuclear Power: Way Forward or Cul-de-sac? The Ecologist, 1992

20. The Social and Environmental Effects of Large Dams. Vol 3.editing and lay-out, Wadebridge Ecological Centre, 1992.

21. Nuclear Power: Shut it down! Volumes1 and 2, contributor, The Ecologist, 1992.

22. Gaia: life on earth in Atlas Ambiental de Porto Alegre (Brazil), 1999.

Y más!

Resumen (en)
Resumen (es)

The dominant model of atmospheric circulation is based on the notion that hot air rises, creating horizontal winds. A second major driver has been proposed [1] in the biotic pump theory (BPT), by which intense condensation is the prime cause of surface winds from ocean to land. Critics of the BPT argue that air movement resulting from condensation is isotropic [2]. This paper explores the physics of water condensation under mild atmospheric conditions, within a purpose-designed square-section 4.8m-tall closed-system structure. The data show a highly significant correlation (R² >0.96, p value <0.001) between observed airflows and partial pressure changes from condensation. The assumption that condensation of water vapour is always isotropic is therefore incorrect. This does not prove that condensation and cloud-formation cause atmospheric surface winds, but the implications are that the correlation found in the experiments needs to be considered for the atmosphere at large.

El modelo dominante de la circulación atmosférica presume que el aire más caliente sube, generando así los vientos horizontales. La teoría de la bomba biótica (BPT) [1] propone un segundo mecanismo, en la cual la condensación intensa sea la causa primaria de los vientos superficiales. Los críticos de la BPT discuten que cualquier movimiento del aire resultando de la condensación sea isotrópico [2]. Este artículo explora la física de la condensación de vapor de agua bajo condiciones atmosféricas livianas, utilizando una estructura experimental diseñada para tal fin. Los datos demuestran una correlación altamente significativa (R² >0.96, p valor <0.001) entre los flujos de aire observados y los cambios en la presión parcial resultante de la condensación.

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Citas

Makarieva, A.M. and Gorshkov, V.G., Biotic pump of atmospheric moisture as driver of the hydrological cycle on land. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 11, pp. 1013-1033. DOI: 10.5194/hess-11, 2007.

Bunyard, P., Poveda, G., Hodnett, M., Peña, C. and Burgos, J., Experimental evidence of condensation-driven airflow. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 12, pp. 10921-10974, 2015.

Makarieva, A.M., Gorshkov, V.G. and Li, B.L., The key physical parameters governing frictional dissipation in a precipitating atmosphere. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 70, pp.2916-2929. doi:10.1175/JAS-D-12-0231.1, 2013.

Makarieva, A. M., Gorshkov, V. G., Sheil, D., Nobre, A. D., Bunyard, P. P., & Li, B.-L. Why does air passage over forest yield more rain? Examining the coupling between rainfall, pressure and atmospheric moisture content. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 15(1), pp. 411-426. doi:10.1175/JHM-D-12-0190.1, 2014.

Poveda, G. and Mesa, O.J., On the existence of Lloro (the rainiest locality on Earth): Enhanced ocean-land-atmosphere interaction by a low-level jet. Geophysical Research Letters, 27(11), pp. 1675-1678. DOI: 10.1029/1999GL006091, 2000.

Poveda, G.L., Seasonal precipitation patterns along pathways of South American low-level jets and aerial rivers. Water Resour. Res., 50, pp. 98-118. DOI: 10.1002/2013WR014087, 2014.

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Makarieva, A.M. and Gorshkov, V.G., Reply to A. G. C. A. Meesters et al.'s comment on "Biotic pump of atmospheric moisture as driver of the hydrological cycle on land". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, pp. 1307-1311, 2009. DOI: 10.5194/hess-13-1307-2009

Spracklen, D.V., Arnold, S.R. and Taylor, C.M., Observations of increased tropical rainfall preceded by air passage over forests. Nature, 489, pp. 282-285, 2012. DOI: 10.1038/Nature11390.

Salati, E., The forest and the hydrological cycle. In: Dickinson, R., Geophysiology of Amazonia, pp. 273-296. New York: W & Sons, 1987.

Marengo, J.A., On the hydrological cycle of the Amazon Basin: A historical review and current state-of-the-art. Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, 21(3), pp. 1-19, 2006.

Bunyard, P.P., How the biotic pump links the hydrological cycle and the rainforest to climate: Is it for real? How can we prove it? (F.D. Publicaciones:, Ed.) Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia: University of Sergio Arboleda, [online]. 2014. ISBN 978-958-8745-89-3. Available at: http://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/bitstream/handle/ 11232/397/How%20the%20biotic%20pump.pdf?sequence=2

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