Publicado

2018-04-01

Hydraulic conductivity in layered saturated soils assessed through a novel physical model

Estimación de la conductividad hidráulica en suelos saturados estratificados mediante un nuevo modelo físico

Palabras clave:

equivalent permeability coefficient, seepage, statistical analysis, t-test (en)
análisis estadístico, coeficiente de permeabilidad equivalente, fitraciónte de permeabilidad equivalente, filtración, prueba-t (es)

Autores/as

This paper introduces a novel physical model for measuring the hydraulic conductivity of granular materials in saturated conditions. An innovation in the location of the device’s piezometers allows the device to be used to assess the permeability of layered soils for both parallel and perpendicular flows. The model’s square section construction makes soil compaction easy. Design methodology took issues of construction, calibration and implementation into account. Permeability coefficients in directions parallel and perpendicular to soil stratification were measured, and Student’s t-test was performed for the relation of experimental results and existing numerical correlations. Analysis of the results shows that the physical model can replicate seepage in layered soils with parallel and perpendicular flows as occurs in field. Furthermore, it was found that it is possible to validate the experimental calibration data by use of statistical techniques.
Este documento presenta un modelo físico novedoso que permite medir la conductividad hidráulica en materiales granulares saturados. Una innovación en la ubicación de los piezómetros del dispositivo permite que este se use para evaluar la permeabilidad de los suelos estratificados tanto para flujos paralelos como perpendiculares. La construcción de la sección cuadrada del modelo facilita la compactación del suelo. La metodología de diseño tuvo en cuenta aspectos de construcción, calibración e implementación. Se midieron los coeficientes de permeabilidad en direcciones paralelas y perpendiculares a la estratificación del suelo. Además, se realizó la prueba-t de Student para la relación de los resultados experimentales y correlaciones numéricas existentes. El análisis de resultados muestra que el modelo físico puede replicar el fenómeno de filtración de agua a través de suelos granulares estratificados como sucede en campo. Por otra parte, se encontró que es posible validar el procedimiento de calibración experimental mediante técnicas estadísticas.

Citas

Gupta, P., Alam, J. and Muzzammil, M. Influence of thickness and position of the individual layer on the permeability of the stratified soil. Perspectives in Science, 8, pp. 757-759. 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.pisc.2016.06.080

Nagaraj, T.S., Pandian, N.S. and Narashimha Raju, P.S.R., Stress state-permeability relationships for fine-grained soils. Géotechnique, 43(2), pp. 333-336. 1993. DOI: 10.1680/geot.1993.43.2.333

Ozgurel, H.G. and Vipulanandan, C., Effect of grain size and distribution on permeability and mechanical behavior of acrylamide grouted sand. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 131(12), pp. 1457-1465. 2005. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:12(1457)

Mokwa, R.L. and Trimble, N.R., Permeability of Coarse-Grain Soil from Void Space and Pore Distribution. In GeoCongress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008, pp. 428- 435DOI: 10.1061/40972(311)54

Lambe, T.W. y Whitman, R.V., Mecánica de Suelos. Limusa. 1991.

Haigh, S.K., Eadington, J. and Madabhushi, S.P.G., Permeability and stiffness of sands at very low effective stresses. Géotechnique, 62(1), pp. 69-75. 2012. DOI: 10.1680/geot.10.P.035

Warrick, A.W., Soil Water Dynamics (1st ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. 2003.

Darcy, H., Les fontaines publiques de la Ville de Dijon. Dalmont. Dalmont. Paris: Dalmont. 1856.

Mitchell, J.K. and Soga, K., Fundamentals of Soil Behavior. John Wiley & Sons. 2005.

Ramos-Cañón, A.M., Influence of the void ratio and the confining on the static liquefaction in slopes in changi sand. Revista Tecnura, 19(43), pp. 63, 2015. DOI: 10.14483/udistrital.jour.tecnura.2015.1.a04

Bowles, J.E., Physical and Geotechnical Properties of Soils (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. 1979.

Cedergren, H.R., Seepage, drainage and flow nets. (3rd ed.). New York: Wiley. 1998.

Budhu, M., Soil Mechanics and Foundations (3rd ed.). New York: Wiley. 2010.

ASTM International., D2434 - Standard Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head) (2006).

Bowles, J., Manual de laboratorio de suelos en ingeniería civil. McGraw-Hill. 1980.

Ghanizadeh, A., Bhowmik, S., Haeri-Ardakani, O., Sanei, H. and Clarkson, C.R., A comparison of shale permeability coefficients derived using multiple non-steady-state measurement techniques: Examples from the Duvernay Formation, Alberta (Canada). Fuel, 140, pp. 371-387. 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.073

Estabragh, A.R., Soltani, A. and Javadi, A.A., Models for predicting the seepage velocity and seepage force in a fiber reinforced silty soil. Computers and Geotechnics, 75, pp. 174-181. 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2016.02.002

Ai, Z.Y. and Hu, Y.D., The analysis of beams on layered poroelastic soils with anisotropic permeability and compressible pore fluid. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 40(11), pp. 5876-5890. 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.apm.2016.01.032

Goh, S.G., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E.C., Modification of triaxial apparatus for permeability measurement of unsaturated soils. Soils and Foundations, 55(1), pp. 63-73. 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2014.12.005

Anderson, C., Sivakumar, V. and Black, J.A., Measurement of permeability using a bench-top centrifuge. Géotechnique, 65(1), pp. 12-22, 2015. DOI: 10.1680/geot.13.P.112

Israr, J., Indraratna, B. and Rujikiatkamjorn, C., Laboratory investigation of the seepage induced response of granular soils under static and cyclic loading. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 39(5), pp. 795-812, 2016. DOI: 10.1520/GTJ20150288

Ilek, A. and Kucza, J., A laboratory method to determine the hydraulic conductivity of mountain forest soils using undisturbed soil samples. Journal of Hydrology, 519, pp. 1649-1659. 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.045

Robertson, P.K., Sasitharan, S., Cunning, J.C. and Sego, D.C., Shear- Wave Velocity to Evaluate In-Situ State of Ottawa Sand. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 121(3), pp. 262-273. 1995. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1995)121:3(262)

Molina-Gómez, F.A., Thesis, Physical modelling of liquefiable soils in shaking table. Universidad de los Andes, Colombia. 2016.

ASTM International., D422 - Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils (2007).

Dulcey, E., Molina-Gómez, F.A. y Bulla-Cruz, L.A., Modelo físico del equipo de carga constante para el ensayo de permeabilidad. In C. Rodríguez (Ed.), XV Congreso Colombiano de Geotecnia (p. 7). Cartagena: Sociedad Colombiana de Geotecnia. 2016.

Camacho-Tauta, J., Molina-Gómez, F.A. y Reyes-Ortiz, Ó.J. Preparación de especímenes de arena para ensayos triaxiales mediante un método controlado de compactación. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 12, pp. 185-196. 2014. DOI: 10.21830/19006586.63

Hazen, A., Price, W.G., Potter, A., Thomson, T.K., Smith, G.E.P. and Beardsley, R.C., Discussion of dams on sand foundations: some principles involved in their design, and the law governing the depth of penetration required for sheet-piling by Arnold C. Koenig. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, LXXIII(3), pp. 190-207, 1911.

Chapuis, R.P., Predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivity of sand and gravel using effective diameter and void ratio. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 41(5), pp. 787-795. 2004. DOI: 10.1139/t04- 022

Ren, X., Zhao, Y., Deng, Q., Kang, J., Li, D. and Wang, D., A relation of hydraulic conductivity — void ratio for soils based on Kozeny- Carman equation. Engineering Geology, 213, pp. 89-97. 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.08.017

Juárez-Badillo, E. y Rico-Rodríguez, A., Mecánica de suelos - Tomo 3: flujo de agua en suelos. Limusa. 1974.

Wackerly, D.D., Mendenhall, W. and Scheaffer, R.L., Mathematical statistics with applications. Thomson Brooks/Cole. 2008.

Ramachandran, K.M. and Tsokos, C.P., Mathematical statistics with applications. Elsevier/Academic Press. 2009.