Publicado

2018-07-01

Caracterización de residuos de demolición y construcción para la identificación de su potencial de reúso

Demolition and construction waste characterization for potential reuse identification

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v85n206.68824

Palabras clave:

caracterización física y mineralógica, reutilización de RCD (es)
physical and chemical characterization, CDW reutilization (en)

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Autores/as

Los residuos de demolición y construcción (RCD), se han convertido en una problemática constante en el sector, debido a su volumen de producción y la falta de espacio para su disposición final. Para solucionar esta problemática se han propuesto diversas estrategias de gestión que consideran desde la disminución en la fuente hasta la reutilización como materia prima en la fabricación de diversos elementos. En este último aspecto, a nivel mundial, se han llevado a cabo esfuerzos por determinar el posible reúso de dichos residuos. Sin embargo, en muchos casos ese proceso parece ser inconsistente pues no se considera la naturaleza y propiedades del residuo como un condicional en la identificación de su posible reutilización. En este artículo, se presenta un ejemplo de aplicación de la identificación del potencial de reúso de residuos de demolición y construcción de la ciudad de Medellín, a partir de la determinación de las propiedades físicas, mineralógicas y energéticas, y del inventario específico de producción. Los resultados mostraron que, para el caso de estudio, los residuos con mayor potencial de uso para la reincorporación en la cadena productiva fueron los residuos de excavación y de mampostería de bloque, con los cuales, además, se probó un modelo de reutilización consistente en una placa suelo-cemento conformada por 95% de RCD.
Construction and demolition waste (CDW) have become a constant problem due to its volume of production and the lack of space for its final disposal. Several management strategies have been proposed to solve this problem as the reduction in the source of generation or the reuse as raw material. Nonetheless, for many cases this process is not consistent because CDW nature and its properties are not considered as an important variable in the identification of its possible reutilization. For this paper, an example of the potential reuse identification with regards to construction and demolition waste of Medellin city is presented. For this purpose, the physical, mineralogical and energetic properties were determined, as well as the specific amount of production. The results showed that the greatest potential reuse for CDW is associated to excavation waste and block masonry. Furthermore, based on the latter, a reuse model consisting in a soil-cement plate with 95% CDW was established.

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