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Estimación del balance hídrico de la región Pacífica Colombiana
Estimation of the water balance of the Colombian Pacific region
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n208.73587Palabras clave:
balance hídrico, hidrología, Pacífico Colombiano, precipitación, evapotranspiración, escorrentía. (es)water balance, hydrology, Colombian Pacific, precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff. (en)
Mediante la ecuación de balance hídrico superficial se estima la escorrentía media anual en la zona continental del dominio geográfico de Centro América para el programa Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) y se validan los resultados en los principales ríos de la región del Pacífico Colombiano: Atrato, San Juan, Baudó, Patía y Mira, usando los registros de caudales medios mensuales de las estaciones hidrológicas del Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM), así como los caudales reportados en el Estudio Nacional del Agua. Para la estimación de los campos de precipitación se usa información de Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) y Climate Hazard group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS), para la evapotranspiración real se usa información del Max Planck Institute (MPI), así como los métodos de Choudhury y Budyko partiendo de información de evapotranspiración potencial del Climatic Research Unit (CRU). Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que sobre la región de estudio se presentan un cierre casi perfecto en la ecuación de balance hídrico en los ríos Atrato y Baudó, con errores del orden de 10-20%, en contraste la cuenca del Río Mira presenta errores del orden de 40%.
Using the surface water balance equation, the average annual runoff in the continental zone of the geographic domain of Central America for Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) is estimated, and results are validated along the Colombian Pacific rivers, namely Atrato, San Juan, Baudó, Patía and Mira, using historical streamflow records, as well as streamflows reported in the National Water Study. Precipitation was estimated using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Climate Hazard group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) data sets. Actual evapotranspiration was estimated using the Max Planck Institute (MPI) data sets, as well as the Choudhury and Budyko methods based estimates of potential evapotranspiration from Climatic Research Unit (CRU). Results allow concluding that the surface balance equation exhibits an almost perfect closure over the Atrato and Baudó Rivers, with errors on the order of 10-20%, whereas for the Mira River errors are on the order of 40%.
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