Publicado

2019-07-01

Mechanisms of encapsulation of bacteria in self-healing concrete: review

Mecanismos de encapsulación de bacterias destinados a la autorreparación de concreto: una revisión

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n210.75343

Palabras clave:

encapsulation, bacteria, resistance, compression, self-healing concrete, cracks (en)
encapsulación, bacterias, resistencia, compresión, concreto autorreparable, fisuras (es)

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Autores/as

Fissures in concrete structures result from structural deterioration and inadequate building processes, among other factors. Traditional in situ repair is often expensive and complex. For this reason, self-healing techniques have been developed, such as the use of bacteria that precipitate calcium carbonate and seal fissures. However, adding bacteria directly to the concrete matrix reduces bacterial survival. We present a review of different methods of bacterial encapsulation and their effects on fissure repair and concrete resistance. We argue that encapsulation of Bacillus subtilis in clay is the most promising method for this type of concrete, increasing concrete strength by 12% and repairing fissures of up to 0.52 mm.
La aparición de fisuras en las estructuras de concreto es un fenómeno generado por el deterioro que suelen presentar este tipo de estructuras, procesos constructivos inadecuados, entre otros. La reparación in situ de las mismas se ha venido realizando desde hace muchos años, sin embargo, este tipo de mantenimiento es costoso y complejo de realizar en algunas ocasiones, razón por la cual se ha optado por técnicas de autorreparación, entre ellas el uso de bacterias que precipitan carbonato de calcio y sellan las fisuras; se ha demostrado que agregar las bacterias directamente (sin ningún tipo de protección) en la matriz del concreto minimiza la supervivencia de las bacterias en poco tiempo; este trabajo presenta una revisión de los diferentes métodos de encapsulación de bacterias que se han estudiado y cómo esto repercute en la eficiencia de reparación de las fisuras y en la resistencia del concreto, encontrando que la encapsulación de bacterias Bacillus Subtilis en arcilla expandida es el método más prometedor para ser usado en este tipo de concreto (ancho máximo de fisura reparado de 0,52 mm y mejora de la resistencia del concreto del 12%).

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[1]
“Mecanismos de encapsulación de bacterias destinados a la autorreparación de concreto: una revisión”, DYNA, vol. 86, no. 210, pp. 17–22, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.15446/dyna.v86n210.75343.

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