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Socioeconomic strata as proxy variable for household income in transportation research. Evaluation for Bogotá, Medellín, Cali and Barranquilla
Estrato socioeconómico como variable sustituta del ingreso del hogar en la investigación de transporte. Evaluación para Bogotá, Medellín, Cali y Barranquilla
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n211.81821Palabras clave:
socioeconomic strata, household income, Colombia, transport models, ordered logit (en)estratos socioeconómicos, ingresos del hogar, Colombia, modelos de transporte, logit ordinal (es)
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In Colombia, a socioeconomic stratification (SES) system of households based on the physical characteristics of the dwelling and its surroundings is implemented in order to set subsidies to public services. Many studies use this classification as a proxy variable for the household income, mainly because of the ease to retrieve data. This investigation proposes an evaluation of the SES as an explanatory variable for the household income. Ordered logit regressions were estimated for the cities of Bogotá, Medellín, Cali and Barranquilla, where the dependent variable corresponds to the SES. Even though there is a positive correlation between SES and household income, the relation depends on certain characteristics of the household as it size, vehicle availability and percentage of workers and students. The results were validated by comparing trip generation models. By including the significant attributes from the ordinal regressions, trip generation models with income and SES had similar fit, which suggests that using the SES as a proxy variable for the income, might be appropriate as long as their correspondence is checked according to household characteristics.
En Colombia se ha desarrollado un sistema de estratificación de viviendas basado en las características físicas del inmueble y su entorno, con el fin de establecer tarifas diferenciales a servicios públicos. Diversos estudios de transporte usan esta clasificación como variable sustituta del ingreso del hogar debido a la facilidad relativa para obtener dicha información. Este artículo realiza una evaluación del estrato como variable explicativa del ingreso del hogar desde la perspectiva de estudios de transporte. Se estimaron modelos de regresión logit ordinal para Bogotá, Medellín, Cali y Barranquilla, usando el ingreso como variable dependiente y el estrato del hogar como variable independiente. Se encontró que a pesar de que existe una correlación positiva entre el estrato y los ingresos del hogar, esta relación depende de ciertas características del hogar como su tamaño, la disponibilidad de vehículo y la proporción de trabajadores y estudiantes. Estos resultados se validaron mediante la comparación de modelos de generación de viajes por hogar. Al incluir los atributos significativos de las regresiones ordinales, se obtienen ajustes similares para modelos de generación de viajes con ingreso y estrato, lo que indica que usar el estrato como sustituto del ingreso puede ser adecuado, siempre y cuando se controle previamente la correspondencia entre las variables de las características del hogar.
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El autor o autores de un artículo aceptado para publicación en cualquiera de las revistas editadas por la facultad de Minas cederán la totalidad de los derechos patrimoniales a la Universidad Nacional de Colombia de manera gratuita, dentro de los cuáles se incluyen: el derecho a editar, publicar, reproducir y distribuir tanto en medios impresos como digitales, además de incluir en artículo en índices internacionales y/o bases de datos, de igual manera, se faculta a la editorial para utilizar las imágenes, tablas y/o cualquier material gráfico presentado en el artículo para el diseño de carátulas o posters de la misma revista.
