Publicado

2021-02-23

Characterization of bacterial diversity and assessing the cyanide biodegradation potential of bacterial isolates from gold processing plants

Caracterización de la diversidad bacteriana y evaluación del potencial de biodegradación de cianuro de aislados bacterianos de plantas de procesamiento de oro

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v88n216.87767

Palabras clave:

Cyanide, Bacterial diversity, TTGE, Gold processing plants, 16S rRNA gene (en)
Cianuro, Diversidad Bacteriana, TTGE, Plantas de procesamiento de oro, Gen RNAr 16S (es)

Autores/as

Cyanide is the basic component of many industrial processes, among which is gold processing, being very toxic or even lethal. Treatment, with the help of microorganisms, can be used effectively to reduce the load of harmful chemicals into the environment. The combination of microbiological methods and molecular tools allowed inferring the presence of a dominant population and the composition varied both in the places of origin and in the method used. The dominant phylogenetic affiliations of the bacteria were determined by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The isolates identified, as Bacillus and Enterococcus were capable to degrade 41.9 and 27.5 mg CN- L-1 respectively. This study provides information about the presence of a diverse bacterial community associated with residual effluents from cyanidation processes in Colombia and suggests that their presence could play a role in the biological degradation of cyanide compounds, offering an alternative for mining wastewater treatment.

El cianuro es un componente básico de muchos procesos industriales, entre los cuales se encuentra el procesamiento de oro, sin embargo, es muy tóxico e incluso letal. El tratamiento con la ayuda de microorganismos, puede ser usado efectivamente para reducir la carga de productos químicos nocivos en el medio ambiente. La combinación de métodos microbiológicos y herramientas moleculares permitieron inferir la presencia de una población dominante y la composición cambió tanto en lugares de origen como con el método usado. Las afiliaciones filogenéticas dominantes de las bacterias fueron determinadas por secuenciación del gen RNAr 16S. Los aislados identificados como Bacillus y Enterococcus, fueron capaces de degradar 41.9 y 27.5 mg CN- L-1, respectivamente. Este estudio, provee información sobre la presencia de una comunidad bacteriana diversa asociada con efluentes residuales de procesos de cianuración en Colombia y sugiere que su presencia podría jugar un rol en la degradación biológica de compuestos de cianuro, ofreciendo una alternativa para el tratamiento de aguas residuales de minería.

Referencias

Cordy, P., Veiga, M.M., Salih, I., Al-Saadi, S., Console, S., Garcia, O., Mesa, L.A., Velásquez-López, P.C. and Roeser, M., Mercury contamination from artisanal gold mining in Antioquia, Colombia: the world’s highest per capita mercury pollution. Science of the Total Environment, (410-411), pp. 154-160, 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.006.

Way, J., Cyanide intoxication and its mechanism of antagonism. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 24(1). pp. 451-481, 1984. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.24.1.451.

Luque-Almagro, V.M., Cabello, P., Sáez, L.P., Olaya-Abril, A., Moreno-Vivián, C. and Roldán, M.D., Exploring anaerobic environments for cyanide and cyano-derivatives microbial degradation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 102(3), pp. 1067-1074, 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8678-6.

Luque-Almagro, V.M., Huertas, M.J, Martínez-Luque, M., Moreno-Vivián, C., Roldán, M.D., García-Gil, L.J., Castillo, F. and Blasco, R., Bacterial degradation of cyanide and its metal complexes under alkaline conditions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71(2), pp. 940-947, 2005. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.71.2.940-947.2005.

Dash, R.R., Gaur, A. and Balomajumder, C., Cyanide in industrial wastewaters and its removal: a review on biotreatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163(1), pp. 1-11, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.051.

Mekuto, L., Ntwampe, S.K.O. and Mudumbi, J.B.N., Microbial communities associated with the co-metabolism of free cyanide and thiocyanate under alkaline conditions. 3 Biotech, 8(2), 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1124-3.

Raybuck, S.A., Microbes and microbial enzymes for cyanide degradation. Biodegradation, 3(1), pp. 3-18, 1992. DOI: 10.1007/BF00189632.

Dubey, S.K. and Holmes, D.S., Biological cyanide destruction mediated by microorganisms. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 11(3), pp. 257-265, 1995. DOI: 10.1007/BF00367095.

Dhal, P.K., Islam, E., Kazy, S.K. and Sar, P., Culture-independent molecular analysis of bacterial diversity in uranium ore mine waste contaminated and non-contaminated sites from uranium mines. 3 Biotech, 1(4), pp. 261-272, 2011. DOI: 10.1007/s13205-011-0034-4.

Grigor’eva, N.V., Smirnova, Y.V., Terekhova, S.V. and Karavaiko, G.I., Isolation of an aboriginal bacterial community capable of utilizing cyanide, thiocyanate, and ammonia from metallurgical plant wastewater. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 44(5), pp. 502-506, 2008. DOI: 10.1134/s0003683808050086.

Singh, U., Arora, N.K. and Sachan, P., Simultaneous biodegradation of phenol and cyanide present in coke-oven effluent using immobilized Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas stutzeri. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 49(1), pp. 38-44, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.12.013.

Akcil, A., Destruction of cyanide in gold mill effluents: Biological versus chemical treatments. Biotechnology Advances, 21(6), pp. 501-511, 2003. DOI: 10.1016/S0734-9750(03)00099-5.

Quan, Z.X., Rhee, S.K., Bae, J.W., Baek, J.H., Park, Y.H. and Lee, S.T., Bacterial community structure in activated sludge reactors treating free or metal-complexed cyanides. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 16(2), pp. 232-239, 2016.

Rahman, S.F., Kantor, R.S., Huddy, R., Thomas, B.C., Van Zyl, A.W., Harrison, S.T.L. and Banfield, J.F., Genome-resolved metagenomics of a bioremediation system for degradation of thiocyanate in mine water containing suspended solid tailings. MicrobiologyOpen, 6(3), pp. 1-9, 2017. DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.446.

Knowles, C.J., Microorganisms and cyanide. Bacteriological reviews, 40(3), pp. 652-80, 1976.

Huertas, M.J., Sáez, L.P., Roldán, M.D., Luque-Almagro, V.M., Martínez-Luque, M., Blasco, R., Castillo, F., Moreno-Vivián, C. and García-García, I., Alkaline cyanide degradation by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 in a batch reactor. Influence of pH. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 179(1-3), pp. 72-78, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.02.059.

Estepa, J., Luque-Almagro, V.M., Manso, I., Escribano, M.P., Martínez-Luque, M., Castillo, F., Moreno-Vivián, C. and Roldán, M.D., The nit1C gene cluster of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 involved in assimilation of nitriles is essential for growth on cyanide. Environmental Microbiology Reports, 4(3), pp. 326-334, 2012. DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2012.00337.x.

Kushwaha, M., Kumar, V., Mahajan, R., Bhalla, T.C., Chatterjee, S. and Akhter, Y., Molecular insights into the activity and mechanism of cyanide hydratase enzyme associated with cyanide biodegradation by Serratia marcescens. Archives of Microbiology, 200(6), pp. 971-977, 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1524-0.

Ingvorsen, K., Hojer-Pedersen, B. and Godtfredsen, S.E., Novel cyanide-hydrolyzing enzyme from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 57(6), pp. 1783-1789, 1991.

Barclay, M., Hart, A., Knowles, C.J., Meeussen, J.C.L. and TETT, V., Biodegradation of metal cyanides by mixed and pure cultures of fungi. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 22(4), pp. 223-231, 1998. DOI: 10.1016/S0141-0229(97)00171-3.

Gurbuz, F., Ciftci, H. and Akcil, A., Biodegradation of cyanide containing effluents by Scenedesmus obliquus. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162(1), pp. 74-79, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.008.

Higuita-Valencia, M.M., Montoya-Campuzano, O.I., Márquez Fernández, E.J. y Moreno-Herrera, C.X., Estructura de la comunidad bacteriana en diferentes tejidos de Lobatus gigas silvestres (Linnaeus, 1758) de la Reserva de Biosfera Seaflower del Caribe. Bulletin of

Marine and Coastal Research, 47(2), pp. 37-62, 2018. DOI: 10.25268/bimc.invemar.2018.47.2.746.

Jensen, M.A., Jhon, W. and Neil, S., Rapid identification of bacteria on the basis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified ribosomal DNA spacer polymorphisms, 59(4), pp. 945-952, 1993.

Silva-Bedoya, L.M., Sánchez-Pinzón, M.S., Cadavid-Restrepo, G.E. and Moreno-Herrera, C.X., Bacterial community analysis of an industrial wastewater treatment plant in Colombia with screening for lipid-degrading microorganisms. Microbiological Research, 192, pp. 313-325, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.08.006.

Mccrady, M.H., Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 12. vyd. American Public Health Association, New York, USA, 2008. DOI: 10.2105/ajph.56.4.684-a.

Forker, G.M. Langeʼs Handbook of Chemistry. Soil Science. 16. vyd, 83(2), 1957, 162P. DOI: 10.1097/00010694-195702000-00020.

Gilcreas, F.W., Future of standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Health laboratory science [online]. 20th vyd, 4(3), pp. 137-41, 1967.

Wang, Z., Liu, L., Guo, F. and Zhang, T., Deciphering cyanide-degrading potential of bacterial community associated with the coking wastewater treatment plant with a novel draft genome. 2015. DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0611-x.

García, M., Márquez, M.A. and Moreno-Herrera, C.X., Characterization of bacterial diversity associated with calcareous deposits and drip-waters, and isolation of calcifying bacteria from two Colombian mines. Microbiological Research, 182, pp. 21-30, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.09.006.

Muyzer, G., De Waal, E.C. and Uitterlinden, A.G., Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA. Applied and environmental microbiology, 59(3), pp. 695-700, 1993.

Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. and Ryan, P.D., Past: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Paleontologia Electronica, 4(1), pp. 1-9, 2001.

Altschul, S.F., Madden, T.L., Schaffer, A.A., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Miller, W. and Lipman, D.J., Swiss-Prot protein knowledgebase, release 47.3 Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res, 25(17), pp. 3389-3402, 1997.

Yoon, S., Ha, S., Kwon, S., Lim, J., Kim, Y., Seo, H. and Chun, J., Introducing EzBioCloud: a taxonomically united database of 16S rRNA gene sequences and whole-genome assemblies. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, 67(5), pp. 1613-1617, 2017. DOI: .1099/ijsem.0.001755.

Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M. and Kumar, S., MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24(8), pp. 1596-1599, 2007. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msm092.

Wright, E.S., Yilmaz, L.S. and Noguera, D.R., DECIPHER, a search-based approach to chimera identification for 16S rRNA sequences. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 78(3), pp. 717-725, 2012. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.06516-11.

Weisburg, W.G., Barns, S.M., Pelletier, D.A. and Lane, J.D., 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. Journal of bacteriology, 173(2), pp. 697-703, 1991.

Hall, T.A., BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucl Acids Symp Ser, 41, pp. 95-98, 1999.

Saitou, N. and Nei, M., The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 4(4), pp. 406-425, 1987. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454.

Hurtado, J. and Berastain, A., Optimización de la biorremediación en relaves de cianuración, 19(2), pp. 187-192, 2012.

Mekuto, L., Ntwampe, S.K.O., Kena, M., Golela, M.T. and Amodu, O.S., Free cyanide and thiocyanate biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa STK 03 capable of heterotrophic nitrification under alkaline conditions. 3 Biotech, 6(1), pp. 1-7, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/s13205-015-0317-2.

Clarke, K.R., Non‐parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Australian Journal of Ecology, 18(1), pp. 117-143, 1993. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00438.x.

Akcil, A., Karahan, A.G., Ciftci, H. and Sagdic, O., Biological treatment of cyanide by natural isolated bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.). Minerals Engineering, 16(7), pp. 643-649, 2003. DOI: 10.1016/S0892-6875(03)00101-8.

Layh, N., Parratt, J. and Willetts, A., Characterization and partial purification of an enantioselective arylacetonitrilase from Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 7155. Journal of Molecular Catalysis - B Enzymatic, 5(5-6), pp. 467-474, 1998. DOI: 10.1016/S1381-1177(98)00075-7.

Baxter, J. and Cummings, S.P., The current and future applications of microorganism in the bioremediation of cyanide contamination. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology, 90(1), pp. 1-17, 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10482-006-9057-y.

Bhalla, T.C., Sharma, N. and Bhatia, R.K., Microbial degradation of cyanides and nitriles. In: Satyanarayana, T. and Johri,B.N., eds. Microorganisms in environmental management: microbes and environment. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 2012, pp. 569-587. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2229-3_25.

Maniyam, M.N., Ibrahim, A.L. and Cass, A.E.G., Enhanced cyanide biodegradation by immobilized crude extract of Rhodococcus UKMP-5M. Environmental Technology (United Kingdom), 40(3), pp. 386-398, 2019. DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1393015.

Maniyam, M.N., Sjahrir, F., Ibrahim, A.L. and Cass, A.E.G., Biodegradation of cyanide by Rhodococcus UKMP-5M. Biologia (Poland), 68(2), pp. 177-185, 2013. DOI: 10.2478/s11756-013-0158-6.

Meyers, P.R., Rawlings, D.E., Woods, D.R. and Lindsey, G.G., Isolation and characterization of a cyanide dihydratase from Bacillus pumilus C1. Journal of Bacteriology, 175(19), pp. 6105-6112, 1993. DOI: 10.1128/jb.175.19.6105-6112.1993.

Meyers, P.R., Gokool, P., Rawlings, D.E. and Woods, D.R., An efficient cyanide-degrading Bacillus pumilus strain. Journal of general microbiology, 137(6), pp. 1397-1400, 1991.

Skowronski, B. and Strobel, G.A., Cyanide resistance and cyanide utilization by a strain of Bacillus pumilus. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 15(1), pp. 93-98, 2010. DOI: 10.1139/m69-014.

Poladyan, A., Kirakosyan, G. and Trchounian, A., Growth and proton-potassium exchange in the bacterium Enterococcus hirae: the effect of protonophore and the role of redox potential. Biophysics, 51(3), pp. 447-451, 2006. DOI: 10.1134/s0006350906030171.

Cha, D.K., Sarr, D., Chiu, P.C. and Kim, D.W., Hazardous waste treatment technologies. Water Environment Research, 70(4), pp. 705-720, 1998. DOI: 10.2175/106143098x134442.

Narancic, T., Djokic, L., Kenny, S.T., O’Connor, K.E., Radulovic, V., Nikodinovic-Runic, J. and Vasiljevic, B., Metabolic versatility of Gram-positive microbial isolates from contaminated river sediments. Journal of Hazardous Materials, (215-216), pp. 243-251, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.059.

Maniyam, M.N., Sjahrir, F., Ibrahim, A.L. and Cass, A.E.G., Cyanide degradation by immobilized cells of Rhodococcus UKMP-5M. Biologia, 67(5), pp. 837-844, 2012. DOI: 10.2478/s11756-012-0098-6.

Gupta, N., Balomajumder, C. and Agarwal, V.K., Enzymatic mechanism and biochemistry for cyanide degradation: a review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176(1-3), pp. 1-13, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.038.

Kumar, R., Saha, S., Dhaka, S., Kurade, M.B., Kang, C. U., Baek, S.H. and Jeon, B.H., Remediation of cyanide-contaminated environments through microbes and plants: a review of current knowledge and future perspectives. Geosystem Engineering, 20(1), pp. 28-40, 2017. DOI: 10.1080/12269328.2016.1218303.

Kumar, V., Kumar, V. and Bhalla, T.C., In vitro cyanide degradation by Serretia marcescens RL2b. International Journal of Environment Sciences, 3(6), pp. 1969-1979, 2013. DOI: 10.6088/ijes.2013030600018.

Naghavi, N.S., Mazrouei, B. and Afsharzadeh, S., Analysis of cyanide bioremediation using cyanobacterium; Chroococcus isolated from steel manufacturing industrial wastewater. International Journal of Biological Chemistry, 6(4), pp. 113-121, 2012. DOI: 10.3923/ijbc.2012.113.121.

Ohta, Y. and Adjei, M., Factors affecting the biodegradation of cyanide by Burkholderia cepacia strain C-3, 89(3), pp. 274.277, 1999.

Cómo citar

IEEE

[1]
V. López-Ramírez, M. A. Márquez Godoy, y C. X. Moreno Herrera, «Characterization of bacterial diversity and assessing the cyanide biodegradation potential of bacterial isolates from gold processing plants», DYNA, vol. 88, n.º 216, pp. 136–144, feb. 2021.

ACM

[1]
López-Ramírez, V., Márquez Godoy, M.A. y Moreno Herrera, C.X. 2021. Characterization of bacterial diversity and assessing the cyanide biodegradation potential of bacterial isolates from gold processing plants. DYNA. 88, 216 (feb. 2021), 136–144. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v88n216.87767.

ACS

(1)
López-Ramírez, V.; Márquez Godoy, M. A.; Moreno Herrera, C. X. Characterization of bacterial diversity and assessing the cyanide biodegradation potential of bacterial isolates from gold processing plants. DYNA 2021, 88, 136-144.

APA

López-Ramírez, V., Márquez Godoy, M. A. & Moreno Herrera, C. X. (2021). Characterization of bacterial diversity and assessing the cyanide biodegradation potential of bacterial isolates from gold processing plants. DYNA, 88(216), 136–144. https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v88n216.87767

ABNT

LÓPEZ-RAMÍREZ, V.; MÁRQUEZ GODOY, M. A.; MORENO HERRERA, C. X. Characterization of bacterial diversity and assessing the cyanide biodegradation potential of bacterial isolates from gold processing plants. DYNA, [S. l.], v. 88, n. 216, p. 136–144, 2021. DOI: 10.15446/dyna.v88n216.87767. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/dyna/article/view/87767. Acesso em: 13 mar. 2026.

Chicago

López-Ramírez, Viviana, Marco Antonio Márquez Godoy, y Claudia Ximena Moreno Herrera. 2021. «Characterization of bacterial diversity and assessing the cyanide biodegradation potential of bacterial isolates from gold processing plants». DYNA 88 (216):136-44. https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v88n216.87767.

Harvard

López-Ramírez, V., Márquez Godoy, M. A. y Moreno Herrera, C. X. (2021) «Characterization of bacterial diversity and assessing the cyanide biodegradation potential of bacterial isolates from gold processing plants», DYNA, 88(216), pp. 136–144. doi: 10.15446/dyna.v88n216.87767.

MLA

López-Ramírez, V., M. A. Márquez Godoy, y C. X. Moreno Herrera. «Characterization of bacterial diversity and assessing the cyanide biodegradation potential of bacterial isolates from gold processing plants». DYNA, vol. 88, n.º 216, febrero de 2021, pp. 136-44, doi:10.15446/dyna.v88n216.87767.

Turabian

López-Ramírez, Viviana, Marco Antonio Márquez Godoy, y Claudia Ximena Moreno Herrera. «Characterization of bacterial diversity and assessing the cyanide biodegradation potential of bacterial isolates from gold processing plants». DYNA 88, no. 216 (febrero 22, 2021): 136–144. Accedido marzo 13, 2026. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/dyna/article/view/87767.

Vancouver

1.
López-Ramírez V, Márquez Godoy MA, Moreno Herrera CX. Characterization of bacterial diversity and assessing the cyanide biodegradation potential of bacterial isolates from gold processing plants. DYNA [Internet]. 22 de febrero de 2021 [citado 13 de marzo de 2026];88(216):136-44. Disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/dyna/article/view/87767

Descargar cita

CrossRef Cited-by

CrossRef citations6

1. M. G. Rangel-González, F. A. Solís-Domínguez, A. Herrera-Martínez, R. Carrillo-González, J. López-Luna, M. Del Carmen Angeles González-Chávez, M. D. Rodríguez. (2025). Cyanide biodegradation: a scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 22(3), p.2047. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-024-05885-1.

2. María José Alvarado-López, Genoveva Rosano-Ortega, Sofía Esperanza Garrido-Hoyos, María Elena Tavera Cortés. (2025). Mining Impacts and their Environmental Problems. , p.165. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72127-4_10.

3. Waroon Khota, Chatchai Kaewpila, Thachawech Kimprasit, Wasan Seemakram, Suntorn Kakaisorn, Metha Wanapat, Anusorn Cherdthong. (2023). The isolation of rumen enterococci strains along with high potential utilizing cyanide. Scientific Reports, 13(1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40488-9.

4. Diola Marina Nuñez Ramírez, Kassandra América Vásquez Quiñones, Luis Medina Torres, Miguel Ángel Escobedo Bretado, Francisco Javier Ríos Fránquez, Anakaren López Martínez, María Angelica Martell Nevárez, Octavio Manero. (2026). Microencapsulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens for cyanide biodegradation in mineral waste. Minerals Engineering, 242, p.110202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2026.110202.

5. Beth Akinyi Ayoo, Stephen Obiero Anyango, Richard Mbithi Mulwa. (2024). Cyanide and cyanidation wastes management in gold leaching plants in Siaya County, Kenya. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 46(10) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-02178-x.

6. Juan Carlos Quintero-Díaz, Jorge Omar Gil-Posada. (2024). Batch and semi-continuous treatment of cassava wastewater using microbial fuel cells and metataxonomic analysis. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 47(7), p.1057. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-024-03025-0.

Dimensions

PlumX

Visitas a la página del resumen del artículo

1140

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.