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Obtención, funcionalización y aplicaciones biomédicas de las Nanopartículas de Sílice Mesoporosa: una revisión
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles obtention, functionalization and biomedical applications: a review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v87n215.88586Palabras clave:
nanopartículas de sílice mesoporosa; biocompatibilidad; distribución de fármacos; antibacteriano; anticancerígeno; imágenes diagnósticas (es)mesoporous silica nanoparticles; biocompatibility; drug delivery; antibacterial; antincancer; diagnostic imaging (en)
Recientemente, las nanopartículas inorgánicas han sido ampliamente investigadas como agentes terapéuticos en los campos biomédicos debido a sus propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas excepcionales, su fácil funcionalización superficial, su capacidad de carga y su excelente biocompatibilidad. El creciente aumento en investigaciones centradas en nanopartículas inorgánicas en especial las de sílice ha permitido entender su comportamiento en aplicaciones biomédicas, debido a que es un biomaterial con alta resistencia mecánica, bioactividad y reabsorbilidad mejoradas. En este artículo, se realiza la revisión de estudios recientes basados en Nanopartículas de Sílice Mesoporosa (MSN) cuyo enfoque principal se centra en diferentes métodos de síntesis, funcionalización y recubrimiento de superficie y algunas aplicaciones biomédicas como liberación controlada de fármacos e imágenes diagnósticas. Finalmente, se presentan los impactos de las modificaciones químicas de la superficie de las nanopartículas en cuanto a su biocompatibilidad y las diversas aplicaciones biomédicas debido a sus destacables características.
Recently, inorganic nanoparticles have been extensively researched as therapeutic agents in the biomedical fields due to their exceptionally physical, chemical and biological properties, their easy surface functionalization, their loading capacity also their excellent biocompatibility. The growing increase in research focused on inorganic nanoparticles, especially silica particles, has led to an understanding of their behaviour in biomedical applications because they are a biomaterial with high mechanical strength, bioactivity and improved resorbability. In this article, we review the recent studies based on Silica Mesoporosa (MSN) nanoparticles whose main focus is on different methods of synthesis, functionalization, surface coating and some biomedical applications such as controlled drug delivery and diagnostic imaging. Finally, the impacts of chemical modifications to the surface of nanoparticles are presented in terms of their biocompatibility and the various biomedical applications due to their outstanding characteristics.
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