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Removing ammonium from water using porous resins: influence of polymer structure, ion exchange capacity and porosity
Remoción de amonio del agua mediante resinas porosas: influencia de la estructura del polímero, la capacidad de intercambio iónico y la porosidad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v88n217.94086Palabras clave:
polymeric resins;, ammonium removal;, adsorption;, sulfonation;, environment. (en)resinas poliméricas;, eliminación de amonio;, adsorción;, sulfonación;, medio ambiente. (es)
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This study describes the synthesis of polymeric resins based on styrene (STY), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and divinylbenzene (DVB), modified chemically through sulfonation reactions during different time intervals, to learn the influence of the materials’ structure on their adsorption capacity and evaluate their potential for application in the removal of ammonium from wastewater to levels compliant with the technical standard NT202, R-10 (INEA, 1986). The results showed that besides the duration of the sulfonation reaction, factors such as surface area and pore diameter also contributed significantly to the ammonium absorption process. The efficiency of the formulations was in decreasing order DVB(7:3)(2)S, DVB(7:3)(24)S, STY-DVB(7:3)(2)S and GMA-DVB(7:3)(2)S. Of these, DVB(7:3)(2)S had the greatest surface area but had low ion exchange capacity. The resin with the greatest exchange capacity was STY-DVB(7:3)(2)S, but it had efficiency about 20% lower than the former resin, showing a result very near that of GMA-DVB(7:3)(2)S.
Este estudio describe la síntesis de resinas poliméricas a base de estireno (STY), metacrilato de glicidilo (GMA) y divinilbenceno (DVB), modificadas químicamente mediante reacciones de sulfonación durante diferentes intervalos de tiempo, para conocer la influencia de la estructura de los materiales en su capacidad de adsorción y evaluar su potencial de aplicación en la remoción de amonio de aguas residuales a niveles que cumplan con la norma técnica NT202, R-10 (INEA, 1986). Los resultados mostraron que, además de la duración de la reacción de sulfonación, factores como el área superficial y el diámetro de los poros también contribuyeron significativamente al proceso de absorción de amonio. La eficácia de las formulaciones fue en orden decreciente DVB(7:3)(2)S, DVB(7:3)(24)S, STY-DVB(7:3)(2)S y GMA-DVB(7:3)(2)S. De estos, DVB(7:3)(2)S tenía la mayor área superficial pero tenía una baja capacidad de intercambio iónico. La resina con mayor capacidad de intercambio fue STY-DVB(7:3)(2)S, pero tuvo una eficiencia aproximadamente un 20% menor que la resina anterior, mostrando un resultado muy cercano al de GMA-DVB (7:3)(2)S.
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