Published

2026-01-01

On Markov Neutrosophic Chains and Their Applications

Sobre las cadenas de Markov neutrosóficas y sus aplicaciones

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/rce.v49n1.119776

Keywords:

Indeterminacy, Neutrosophic logic, Neutrosophic Markov chains, Stochastic processes (en)
Cadenas de Markov neutrosóficas, Indeterminación, Lógica neutrosófica, Procesos estocásticos (es)

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Authors

  • Carlos Granados Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Dsitancia

Classical Markov chains have been widely used to model dynamic stochastic systems, but they fall short in contexts where uncertainty, vagueness, or incomplete information dominates. This paper explores the concept of Neutrosophic Markov Chains (MNC's), which extend traditional Markov models by incorporating neutrosophic logic. In MNC's, transition probabilities are described by triplets (T, I, F) representing degrees of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity, respectively. We present a simulation of a health-state model with neutrosophic transitions and analyze its behavior over time. Results highlight the importance of including indeterminacy as a distinct analytical dimension and demonstrate the limitations of traditional stochastic modeling in uncertain environments.

Las cadenas de Markov clásicas se han utilizado ampliamente para modelar sistemas estocásticos dinámicos, pero resultan insuficientes en contextos donde predomina la incertidumbre, la vaguedad o la información incompleta. Este artículo explora el concepto de Cadenas de Markov Neutrosóficas (CMN), que amplían los modelos tradicionales de Markov incorporando lógica neutrosófica. En las CMN, las probabilidades de transición se describen mediante tripletes (T, I, F) que representan grados de verdad, indeterminación y falsedad, respectivamente. Se presenta una simulación de un modelo de estados de salud con transiciones neutrosóficas y se analiza su comportamiento a lo largo del tiempo. Los resultados destacan la importancia de incluir la indeterminación como una dimensión analítica diferenciada y evidencian las limitaciones del modelado estocástico tradicional en entornos inciertos.

References

Granados, C. (2021). New notions on neutrosophic random variables. Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, 47, 286–297.

Granados, C. (2022). Some discrete neutrosophic distributions with neutrosophic parameters based on neutrosophic random variables. Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, 51(5), 1442–1457.

Granados, C. (2023). Convergence of neutrosophic random variables. Advances in the Theory of Nonlinear Analysis and its Applications, 7(1), 178–188.

Granados, C., Das, A. K., & Das, B. (2022). Some continuous neutrosophic distributions with neutrosophic parameters based on neutrosophic random variables. Advances in the Theory of Nonlinear Analysis and its Applications, 6(3), 380–389.

Granados, C., Osu, B., & Das, B. (2023). Neutrosophic y-Cesàro summability of a sequence of order α of neutrosophic random variables in probability. Annals of the University of Craiova, Mathematics and Computer Science Series, 50(2), 362–370.

Granados, C., & Sanabria, J. (2021). On independence neutrosophic random variables. Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, 47, 541–557.

Granados, C., & Valencia, L. A. (2024). On refined neutrosophic stochastic process. Ciencia en Desarrollo, 15(1), 114–120.

Grinstead, C. M., & Snell, J. L. (1997). Introduction to Probability. American Mathematical Society.

Salama, A. A. (2022). Neutrosophic Markov chains and their applications. Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, 47, 121–130.

Smarandache, F. (2005). Introduction to Neutrosophic Logic and Sets. American Research Press.

How to Cite

APA

Granados, C. (2026). On Markov Neutrosophic Chains and Their Applications. Revista Colombiana de Estadística, 49(1), 109–129. https://doi.org/10.15446/rce.v49n1.119776

ACM

[1]
Granados, C. 2026. On Markov Neutrosophic Chains and Their Applications. Revista Colombiana de Estadística. 49, 1 (Jan. 2026), 109–129. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/rce.v49n1.119776.

ACS

(1)
Granados, C. On Markov Neutrosophic Chains and Their Applications. Rev. colomb. estad. 2026, 49, 109-129.

ABNT

GRANADOS, C. On Markov Neutrosophic Chains and Their Applications. Revista Colombiana de Estadística, [S. l.], v. 49, n. 1, p. 109–129, 2026. DOI: 10.15446/rce.v49n1.119776. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/estad/article/view/119776. Acesso em: 9 feb. 2026.

Chicago

Granados, Carlos. 2026. “On Markov Neutrosophic Chains and Their Applications”. Revista Colombiana De Estadística 49 (1):109-29. https://doi.org/10.15446/rce.v49n1.119776.

Harvard

Granados, C. (2026) “On Markov Neutrosophic Chains and Their Applications”, Revista Colombiana de Estadística, 49(1), pp. 109–129. doi: 10.15446/rce.v49n1.119776.

IEEE

[1]
C. Granados, “On Markov Neutrosophic Chains and Their Applications”, Rev. colomb. estad., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 109–129, Jan. 2026.

MLA

Granados, C. “On Markov Neutrosophic Chains and Their Applications”. Revista Colombiana de Estadística, vol. 49, no. 1, Jan. 2026, pp. 109-2, doi:10.15446/rce.v49n1.119776.

Turabian

Granados, Carlos. “On Markov Neutrosophic Chains and Their Applications”. Revista Colombiana de Estadística 49, no. 1 (January 30, 2026): 109–129. Accessed February 9, 2026. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/estad/article/view/119776.

Vancouver

1.
Granados C. On Markov Neutrosophic Chains and Their Applications. Rev. colomb. estad. [Internet]. 2026 Jan. 30 [cited 2026 Feb. 9];49(1):109-2. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/estad/article/view/119776

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