Published

2026-07-01

Inference in Spatial Models: Applicability and Comparison of the Wendland and Matérn Covariance Families

Inferencia en modelos espaciales: Aplicabilidad y comparación de las familias de covarianza de Wendland y Matérn

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/rce.v49n2.123024

Keywords:

Compact support;, Model factor;, Sparse matrix; , Spatial dependence;, Spatial dependency index;, Spatial variability. (en)
Dependencia espacial;, Factor del modelo;, Índice de dependencia espacial;, Matriz dispersa; , Soporte compacto; , Variabilidad espacial. (es)

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Authors

  • Marcelo DOS SANTOS Instituto Federal de Educação https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5958-1477
  • Fernanda De Bastiani Federal University of Pernambuco
  • Miguel Angel Uribe Opazo State University of Western Paraná UNIOESTE
  • Manuel Jesus Galea Rojas Pontifical Catholic University of Chile

This paper investigates inference and diagnostic procedures in linear Gaussian spatial models using the Wendland family of covariance functions, compared with the Matérn family, as a spatial dependence structure. We extend the Spatial Dependency Index (SDI) and derive expressions for the practical range for both covariance families, establishing explicit relationships between the range and the decay parameter. A local influence diagnostic approach is employed to assess the sensitivity of maximum likelihood estimators. To determine cutoff values for identifying potentially influential observations, we propose a Jackknife-after-Bootstrap resampling method-a technique not yet applied in this context. The methodology is illustrated through an application to a soybean yield dataset. Our results indicate that the Wendland covariance family performs satisfactorily under Gaussian spatial model assumptions, offering a competitive alternative to the Matérn family, particularly in terms of computational efficiency due to its compact support.

Este artículo investiga procedimientos de inferencia y diagnóstico en modelos espaciales gaussianos lineales utilizando la familia de funciones de covarianza de Wendland, en comparación con la familia Matérn, como estructura de dependencia espacial. Extendemos el Índice de Dependencia Espacial (SDI) y derivamos expresiones para el rango práctico para ambas familias de covarianza, estableciendo relaciones explícitas entre el rango y el parámetro de decaimiento. Se emplea un enfoque de diagnóstico de influencia local para evaluar la sensibilidad de los estimadores de máxima verosimilitud. Para determinar valores críticos que permitan identificar observaciones potencialmente influyentes, proponemos un método de remuestreo Jackknife-after-Bootstrap, una técnica aún no aplicada en este contexto. La metodología se ilustra mediante una aplicación a un conjunto de datos de rendimiento de soja. Nuestros resultados indican que la familia de covarianza de Wendland presenta un desempeño satisfactorio bajo los supuestos del modelo espacial gaussiano, ofreciendo una alternativa competitiva frente a la familia Matérn, especialmente en términos de eficiencia computacional debido a su soporte compacto.

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How to Cite

APA

DOS SANTOS, M., De Bastiani, F., Uribe Opazo, M. A. & Galea Rojas, M. J. (2026). Inference in Spatial Models: Applicability and Comparison of the Wendland and Matérn Covariance Families. Revista Colombiana de Estadística, 49(2), 399–418. https://doi.org/10.15446/rce.v49n2.123024

ACM

[1]
DOS SANTOS, M., De Bastiani, F., Uribe Opazo, M.A. and Galea Rojas, M.J. 2026. Inference in Spatial Models: Applicability and Comparison of the Wendland and Matérn Covariance Families. Revista Colombiana de Estadística. 49, 2 (Jul. 2026), 399–418. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/rce.v49n2.123024.

ACS

(1)
DOS SANTOS, M.; De Bastiani, F.; Uribe Opazo, M. A.; Galea Rojas, M. J. Inference in Spatial Models: Applicability and Comparison of the Wendland and Matérn Covariance Families. Rev. colomb. estad. 2026, 49, 399-418.

ABNT

DOS SANTOS, M.; DE BASTIANI, F.; URIBE OPAZO, M. A.; GALEA ROJAS, M. J. Inference in Spatial Models: Applicability and Comparison of the Wendland and Matérn Covariance Families. Revista Colombiana de Estadística, [S. l.], v. 49, n. 2, p. 399–418, 2026. DOI: 10.15446/rce.v49n2.123024. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/estad/article/view/123024. Acesso em: 19 aug. 2026.

Chicago

DOS SANTOS, Marcelo, Fernanda De Bastiani, Miguel Angel Uribe Opazo, and Manuel Jesus Galea Rojas. 2026. “Inference in Spatial Models: Applicability and Comparison of the Wendland and Matérn Covariance Families”. Revista Colombiana De Estadística 49 (2):399-418. https://doi.org/10.15446/rce.v49n2.123024.

Harvard

DOS SANTOS, M., De Bastiani, F., Uribe Opazo, M. A. and Galea Rojas, M. J. (2026) “Inference in Spatial Models: Applicability and Comparison of the Wendland and Matérn Covariance Families”, Revista Colombiana de Estadística, 49(2), pp. 399–418. doi: 10.15446/rce.v49n2.123024.

IEEE

[1]
M. DOS SANTOS, F. De Bastiani, M. A. Uribe Opazo, and M. J. Galea Rojas, “Inference in Spatial Models: Applicability and Comparison of the Wendland and Matérn Covariance Families”, Rev. colomb. estad., vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 399–418, Jul. 2026.

MLA

DOS SANTOS, M., F. De Bastiani, M. A. Uribe Opazo, and M. J. Galea Rojas. “Inference in Spatial Models: Applicability and Comparison of the Wendland and Matérn Covariance Families”. Revista Colombiana de Estadística, vol. 49, no. 2, July 2026, pp. 399-18, doi:10.15446/rce.v49n2.123024.

Turabian

DOS SANTOS, Marcelo, Fernanda De Bastiani, Miguel Angel Uribe Opazo, and Manuel Jesus Galea Rojas. “Inference in Spatial Models: Applicability and Comparison of the Wendland and Matérn Covariance Families”. Revista Colombiana de Estadística 49, no. 2 (July 16, 2026): 399–418. Accessed August 19, 2026. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/estad/article/view/123024.

Vancouver

1.
DOS SANTOS M, De Bastiani F, Uribe Opazo MA, Galea Rojas MJ. Inference in Spatial Models: Applicability and Comparison of the Wendland and Matérn Covariance Families. Rev. colomb. estad. [Internet]. 2026 Jul. 16 [cited 2026 Aug. 19];49(2):399-418. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/estad/article/view/123024

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