La liberalización del comercio internacional al servicio del desarrollo sostenible: mito o realidad
Palabras clave:
globalización, medio ambiente, desarrollo sostenible (es)Descargas
The growing opening of the economy raises more and more strong concerns as for the possible negative effects on the environment. If this is not the main cause of the damages caused to the environment, however the liberalization of the exchanges can enlarge the ecological problems. Simultaneously, the pressures are accentuated for the implementation of commercial instruments with environmental ends since to facilitate the setting in march, certain multilateral agreements of environment (AMMA) commercial clauses behave (restrictions to the import and the export). This way, the AMMA can be considered as restrictive factors to the economic globalization, and we can wonder about their compatibility with the multilateral agreements of free trade (GATT, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the OMC, World Organization of the Trade). But if certain norms or environmental legislation that restrict, the imports or exports are perceived, from the commercial point of view, as barriers you would not tariff that they constitute an obstacle to the liberalization of the trade; 011 the contrary an absence or inadequacy in the environmental regulation or in their application it can be considered as a hidden grant, reducing the competitiveness of the products of the countries where the norms are more severe and whose legislation are respected (ecological dumping", source of distortions,...). This is one of the reasons that took to the integration of environmental concerns in recent such commercial agreements as the ALCNA (I Agree of Free North American North Trade) or The Uruguayan Ronda of the GATT. The objective of this article is to be interested successively on some relative current debates to the relationships between the international trade and the environment in the breast of the OMC and envelope the recent problem of the promotion of the sustainable development through the liberation of the trade. This thesis, adopted by the conference of River, is today in day the mark of reference of the international organizations, particularly the OMC. I will concentrate then 011 demonstrating their weakness and their questionable, almost dangerous character.
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