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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Perceived Social Support Among Iraqi and Syrian Immigrant and Refugee Adolescents in Türkiye
Estrés postraumático, depresión y apoyo social percibido entre población iraquí y siria inmigrante y adolescentes refugiados en Turquía
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v33n2.108085Keywords:
Refugee Children, Immigrants Children, Depression and PTSD in Refugee Children, Social Support and Refugee Children (en)Niños Refugiados, Niños Inmigrantes, Depresión y PTSD en Niños Refugiados, Apoyo Social y Niños Refugiados. (es)
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This study determined the levels of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, and perceived social support among 109 Iraqi and 136 Syrian immigrant secondary school students residing in Bolu, Türkiye. The participants, who had previously experienced trauma, were compared with 143 Turkish adolescents. The refugee children had significantly higher scores for both PTSD and depression, and lower scores for social support. While there were no significant gender differences for the three variables, older students had higher PTSD scores. Immigrant students who had lived in Türkiye for four years or longer had lower depression, higher social support, and social support from a special person. Degree of problems with Turkish language had no effect, while those with Turkish friends had significantly higher scores for perceived social support and family social support than those who did not. Surprisingly, students whose families had immigrated for educational reasons had higher PTSD scores and lower family social support scores than those that immigrated due to conflicts. A regression analysis, conducted to predict depression via PTSD and social support, showed that the two variables accounted for 25% of the variance in depression scores.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los niveles de Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (PTSD),la depresión y apoyo social entre estudiantes de secundaria, inmigrantes iraquíes y sirios que actualmente residen en Bolu, Turquía. Los participantes compuestos por 109 estudiantes refugiados iraquíes y 136 sirios con experiencia traumática y fueron comparados con 143 adolescentes turcos. Los resultados revelaron que los niños refugiados tenían puntuaciones significativamente más altas tanto en PTSD como en depresión y puntuaciones más bajas en apoyo social. En cuanto a las diferencias por variables demográficas, no se encontró ninguna diferencia significativa por género en las puntuaciones de depresión, apoyo social y PTSD del alumnado inmigrante. En cuanto a la edad, los estudiantes de mayor edad tuvieron puntuaciones más altas de PTSD. Con respecto al tiempo que pasaron en Turquía, los estudiantes inmigrantes que habían permanecido en Turquía durante 4 años o más demostraron menor puntuación de depresión, mayor apoyo social recibido y apoyo social de una persona especial. Si bien no se observó una diferencia significativa entre tener y carecer de problemas con el idioma turco, aquellos que tenían amigos turcos tenían puntuaciones significativamente más altas de apoyo social recibido y apoyo social familiar que aquellos que no los tenían. En cuanto a las razones de inmigración, sorprendentemente, el grupo que inmigró por razones de educación tuvo puntuaciones más altas de PTSD y más bajas en apoyo social familiar que el grupo que emigró debido a conflictos. Se realizó un análisis de regresión para predecir la depresión infantil a través del PTSD y el apoyo social. Los resultados arrojaron que el 25 % de la depresión se debió al PTSD y al apoyo social.
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