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A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials for Behavioral Interventions Targeting Alcohol and Cannabis Use in Young Adults
Revisión Sistemática de Ensayos Aleatorios Controlados sobre Intervenciones Conductuales Dirigidas al Consumo de Alcohol y Cannabis en Adultos Jóvenes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v34n2.113988Keywords:
Alcohol Use, Cannabis Use, Young Adults, Behavioral Intervention, Randomized Controlled Trial (en)Consumo de alcohol, Consumo de cannabis, Adultos jóvenes, Intervención conductual, Ensayo controlado aleatorizado (es)
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There is a wide range of behavioral interventions based on different theoretical approaches; some have shown some level of effectiveness in reducing cannabis and alcohol use rates, but few have been tested using a Randomized Controlled Trial (rct) design. We searched medline, Embase, apa psycnet, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for rcts published in English that examined behavioral interventions for cannabis and alcohol consumption. We screened 207 abstracts and identified 11 rcts involving 4,211 young adults. Interventions with higher retention rates and statistically significant results were delivered in an online format and they were focused mostly on cannabis use reduction. Only the combination of motivational interviewing and behavioral economics showed significant results after follow-up, with a high retention rate. Integrating behavioral interventions embedded into public policies at institutional, local, or national levels could lead to more positive outcomes and long-term effectiveness. Applying these evidence-based interventions in public policy strategies could enhance long-term health outcomes and provide scalable solutions to address substance use among young adults.
Existe una amplia gama de intervenciones conductuales basadas en diferentes enfoques teóricos; algunas han mostrado cierto nivel de eficacia en la reducción de las tasas de consumo de cannabis y alcohol, pero pocas se han probado mediante un diseño de Ensayo Controlado Aleatorio (eca). Se realizaron búsquedas en medline, Embase, apa psycnet y en el Registro Cochrane Central de Ensayos Controlados (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) de eca, publicados en inglés, que examinaran intervenciones conductuales para el consumo de cannabis y alcohol. Se examinaron 207 resúmenes y se identificaron 11 eca con 4 211 adultos jóvenes. Las intervenciones con mayores tasas de retención y resultados estadísticamente significativos se administraron en formato en línea y se centraron en la reducción del consumo de cannabis. Solo la combinación de entrevista motivacional y economía conductual mostró resultados significativos tras el seguimiento, con una elevada tasa de retención. La integración de las intervenciones conductuales en las políticas públicas a nivel institucional, local o nacional podría dar lugar a resultados más positivos y a una mayor eficacia a largo plazo. La aplicación de estas intervenciones basadas en la evidencia en las estrategias de políticas públicas podría mejorar los resultados de salud a largo plazo y proporcionar soluciones escalables para abordar el consumo de sustancias entre los adultos jóvenes.
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