Correo Electrónico
DNINFOA - SIA
Bibliotecas
Convocatorias
Identidad U.N.
Published
Empathy and Personality Styles in Medical Students
Empatía y Estilos de Personalidad en Estudiantes de Medicina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v29n2.82988Keywords:
Empathy, Students, Medical, Women, Men, Personality (en)Empatía, Estudiantes de Medicina, Mujeres, Hombres, Personalidad (es)
Downloads
This study aimed to establish the relationship between empathy and personality styles in medical students, considering the differences by gender. The participants were 278 students of the medical career of the Universidad del Azuay, Ecuador. They were evaluated using the Jefferson empathy scale and the Millon Index of Personality Styles. Relationships between empathy and personality styles were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, for comparisons by gender and educational levels; with both Student's t test and analysis of variance used respectively. Results indicated that the factor structure of the empathy scale is invariant between men and women, noticing gender differences in care with compassion and total empathy, with women presenting a higher mean. Differences are observed by educational level, where the general empathy in the first three years grows progressively, and then slightly decrease. In conclusion, female students present a mean score of total empathy greater than men, with differences of empathy according to educational level.
How to cite this article: Dávila-Pontón, Y., Reyes-Reyes, A., Calzadilla-Núñez, A., Utsman, R., Torres-Martínez, P.A., & Díaz-Narváez, V.P. (2020). Empathy and personality styles in medical students. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 29(2), 73-87. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v29n2.82988
Esta investigación estableció la relación entre empatía y estilos de personalidad en estudiantes de medicina según género. Participaron 278 estudiantes de la carrera de medicina de la Universidad del Azuay, Ecuador. Se aplicó la escala de empatía de Jefferson y el índice de estilos de personalidad de Millon. Para las relaciones entre empatía y estilos de personalidad se examinaron utilizando el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y el análisis jerárquico de regresión lineal múltiple. Para las comparaciones por género y niveles educativos; con la prueba t de Student y el análisis de varianza. La estructura factorial de escala mepática no varía entre hombres y mujeres,notando diferencias de género en cuidado con compasión y empatía toal, presentando las mujeres una media más alta. Existen diferencias por nivel educativo, donde la empatía general en los primeros tres años crece y luego disminuye. Finalmente, las estudiantes presentan una puntuación media de empatía total mayor que los hombres, con diferencias según el nivel educativo.
Cómo citar: Dávila-Pontón, Y., Reyes-Reyes, A., Calzadilla-Núñez, A., Utsman, R., Torres-Martínez, P.A., & Díaz-Narváez, V.P. (2020). Empathy and personality styles in medical students. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 29(2), 73-87. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v29n2.82988
References
Alcorta-Garza, A., González-Guerrero, J.F., Tavitas- Herrera, S.E., Rodríguez-Lara, F.J., & Hojat, M. (2005). Validación de la escala de empatía médica de Jefferson en estudiantes de medicina mexicanos. Salud Mental, 28, 57-63.
Batt-Rawden, S.A., Chisolm, M.S., Anton, B., & Flickinger, T.E. (2013). Teaching Empathy to Medical students: An updated, systematic review. Academic Medicine, 88, 1171-1177. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e318299f3e3
Bilbao, J.L., Iglesias, J.E., Díaz-Narváez, V.P., Crespo- Camacho, E., Alonso, L.M., & Alcocer, A. (2015). Orientación empática en estudiantes de medicina de las Universidades Libre y San Martín, Barranquilla, Colombia. Revista de la Facultad de Medicina, 63, 657-663. https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v63.n4.49715
Calzadilla-Núñez, A., Díaz-Narváez, V.P., Dávila- Pontón, Y., Aguilera-Muñoz, J., Fortich-Mesa, N., Aparicio-Marenco, D., …& Reyes-Reyes, A. (2017). Erosion of empathy during medical training by gender. A cross-sectional study. Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría,115, 556-561. https://doi.org/10.5546/aap.2017.eng.556
Castellanos, S., Guerra, P., & Bueno, J.A. (2014). Gender differences in effective personality in Chilean university students. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology, 5, 131-140. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v5.655
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155-159. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.112.1.155
Davis, M.H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 113-126. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113
Decety, J., & Harris, I.B. (2011). The neuroevolution of empathy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1231, 35-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06027
Delgado-Bolton, R., San-Martín, M., Alcorta-Garza, A., & Vivanco, L. (2016). Medical empathy of physicians- in-training who are enrolled in professional training programs. A comparative intercultural study in Spain. Atención Primaria, 48, 565-571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2015.10.0050212-6567
Díaz-Narváez, V.P., Alonso, L.M., Caro, S.E., Silva, M.G., Arboleda, J., Bilbao, J.L., & Acosta, J.I. (2014). Empathic Orientation among medical student from three universities in Barranquilla, Colombia and one university in the Dominican Republic. Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría, 112, 41-49. https://doi.org/10.5546/aap.2014.eng.41
Díaz-Narváez, V.P., Alonso-Palacios, L.M., Caro, S.E., Silva, M., Arboleda-Castillo, J., Bilbao, J., …& Fajardo, E. (2017). Compassionate Care Component of the Construct Empathy in Medical Students in Colombia and Dominican Republic. Acta Médica Mediterránea, 33, 115-121. https://doi.org/10.19193/0393-6384
Díaz-Narváez, V.P., Calzadilla-Núñez, A., Alonso, L.M., Torres-Martínez, P., Cervantes-Mendoza, M., & Fajardo-Ramos, E. (2017). Empathy and Ontogeny: A Conceptual Approach. West Indian Medical Journal, 66, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2046.344
Díaz-Narváez, V.P., Estrada-Méndez, N., Arévalo- López, Y., Calzadilla-Núñez, A., & Utsman-Abarca, R. (2017). Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clinica Integrada, 17, e3759. https://doi.org/10.4034/PBOCI.2017.171.40
Díaz-Narváez, V.P., Erazo, A.M., Bilbao, J.L., González, F., Padilla, M., Calzadilla-Núñez, A., & Varela, T. (2017). Reconsidering the ‘Decline’ of Dental Student Empathy within the Course in Latin America. Acta Médica Portuguesa, 30 ,775-782. https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.8681
Díaz-Narváez, V.P., Erazo, A.M., Bilbao, J.L., González, F., Padilla, M., Howard, M., …& Utsman, R. (2015). Empathy Gender in Dental Student in Latin América: An exploratory and cross-Sectional Study. Health, 7, 1527-1535. http://doi.org/10.4236/health.2015.711166
Dresch, V., Sánchez, M.P., & García, M.E.A (2005). El inventario de Estilos de Personalidad de Millon (mips) en Brasil. Revista Iberoamerciana de Diagnóstico y evaluación Psicológica, 19, 9-29.
Duarte, M.I., Raposo, M.L., Rodrigues, P.J., & Branco, M.C (2016). Measuring empathy in medical students, gender differences and level of medical education: An identification of a taxonomy of students. Investigación en Educación Médica, 5, 253- 260. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.riem.2016.04.007
García, E., González, J., & Maestú, F. (2011). Neuronas espejo y teoría de la mente en la explicación de la mente. Ansiedad y Estrés, 17, 265-279.
Hojat, M., & Gonnella, J.S. (2015). Eleven years of data on the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Medical Student version (JSE-S): Proxy norm data and tentative cutoff scores. Medical Principles and Practice, 24, 344-350. https://doi.org/10.1159/000381954
Hojat, M., Gonnella, J.S., Nasca, T.J., Mangione, S., Veloksi, J.J., & Magee, M. (2002). The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: Further psychometric data and differences by gender and specialty at item level. Academic Medicine, 77, 58-60. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200210001-00019
Hojat, M., Gonnella, J.S., Nasca, T.J., Mangione, S., Vergare, M., & Magee, M. (2002). Physician empathy: Definition, components, measurement and relationship to gender and specialty. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 1563-1569. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.9.1563
Hojat, M., Mangione, S., Nasca, T.J., Cohen, M.J.M., Gonnella, J.S., Erdmann, J.B., …& Magee, M. (2001). The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: Development and Preliminary Psychometric Data. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 61, 349-365. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131640121971158
Leombruni, P., Di Lillo, M., Miniotti, M., Picardi, A., Alessandri, G., Sica, C., …& Torta, R. (2014). Measurement properties and confirmatory factor analysis of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy in Italian medical students. Perspectives on Medical Education, 3, 419-430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-014-0137-9
Melchers, M.C., Li, M., Haas, B.W., Reuter, M., Bischoff, L., & Montag, C. (2016). Similar Personality Patterns Are Associated with Empathy in Four Different Countries. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 290. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00290
Mercer, S.W., & Reynolds, W.J. (2002). Empathy and quality of care. British Journal of General Practice, 52, 9-12.
Merino-Soto, C., López-Fernández. V., & Grimaldo- Muchotrigo, M. (2019). Invarianza de medición y estructural de la Escala Básica de Empatía Breve (bes-b) en niños y adolescentes peruanos. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 28, 15-32. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v28n2.69478
Millon, T. (1994). Inventario de Estilos de Personalidad. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Paidós.
Millon, T. (2003). Millon Index of Personality Styles. Manual Revised. San Antonio, Texas: The Psychological Corporation.
Millon, T., & Davis, R.D. (1996). Disorders of personality: dsm-iv and beyond. New York, NY: Wiley Interscience.
Montilva, M., García, M., Torres, A., Puertas, M., & Zapata, E. (2015). Empatía según la escala de Jefferson en estudiantes de Medicina y Enfermería en Venezuela. Investigación en Educación Médica, 4, 223-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riem.2015.04.006
Mooradian, T.A., Davis, M., & Matzler, K. (2011). Dispositional Empathy and the Hierarchical Structure of Personality. The American Journal of Psychology, 124, 99-109. https://doi.org/10.5406/amerjpsyc.124.1.0099
Paro, H., Daud-Gallotti, R.M., Tibério, I.C., Pinto, R.M., & Martins, M.A. (2012). Brazilian version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy: Psychometric properties and factor analysis. BMC Medical Education, 12, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-12-73
Paunonen, S.V., Jackson, D.N., Trzebinski, J., & Forsterling, F. (1992). Personality structure across cultures. A multimethod evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 447-456. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.62.3.447
Quince, T.A., Kinnersley, P., Hales, J., Da Silva, A., Moriarty, H., Thiemann, P., … & Benson, J. (2016). Empathy among undergraduate medical students: A multi-center cross-sectional comparison of students beginning and approaching the end of their course. BMC Medical Education, 16, 92. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0603-7
Roff, S. (2015). Reconsidering the “decline” of medical student empathy as reported in studies using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Student version (JSPE-S). Medical Teacher, 37, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2015.1009022
San-Martín, M., Roig-Carrera, H., Villalonga-Vadell, R.M., Benito-Sevillano, C., Torres-Salinas, M., Claret-Teruel, G., …& Vivanco, L. (2017). Empathy, inter-professional collaboration, and lifelong medical learning in Spanish and Latin-American physicians-in-training who start their postgraduate training in hospitals in Spain. Preliminary outcomes. Atención Primaria, 49, 6-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2016.02.007
Silva, M.G., Arboleda, J., & Díaz, V.P. (2014). Orientación empática en estudiantes de Medicina en una universidad de República Dominicana. Educación Médica Superior, 28, 74-83.
Song, Y., & Shi, M. (2017). Associations between empathy and big five personality traits among Chinese undergraduate medical students. PLoS One, 12, e0171665. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171665
Vecchi, C. (2016). Empathy, burnout and... professional competence. Some reflections. Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría, 114, 468-471. http://doi.org/10.5546/aap.2016.468
Welch, S., & Comer, J.C. (1988). Quantitative Methods for Public Administration: Techniques and Applications. Chicago, Illinois: Dorsey Press.
Wen, D., Ma, X., Li, H., Liu, Z., Xian, B., & Liu, Y. (2013). Empathy in Chinese medical students: Psychometric characteristics and differences by gender and year of medical education. BMC Medical Education, 13, 130. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-130
How to Cite
APA
ACM
ACS
ABNT
Chicago
Harvard
IEEE
MLA
Turabian
Vancouver
Download Citation
CrossRef Cited-by
1. Sara Huerta-González, Sendy Meléndez-Chávez, Alma Rosa Barrios-Melchor, Roxana De las salas, Alejandro Reyes-Reyes, Víctor Patricio Díaz-Narváez. (2024). Caracterización psicométrica y distribución empática entre las áreas académicas en estudiantes de enfermería. Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud, 6(2), p.94. https://doi.org/10.46634/riics.269.
2. Víctor Patricio Díaz-Narváez, Fanny Miranda-Carreño, Sebastián Galaz-Guajardo, Wilmer Sepúlveda-Navarro, Mario Zúñiga-Mogollones, Aracelis Calzadilla-Núñez, Pilar Torres-Martínez, Alejandro Reyes-Reyes. (2021). Variability of empathy among dental students. Implications not yet understood in Latin America. Revista de la Facultad de Medicina, 70(1), p.e91207. https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v70n1.91207.
3. Nicoleta Suciu, Lorena Elena Meliț, Cristina Oana Mărginean. (2021). A Holistic Approach of Personality Traits in Medical Students: An Integrative Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), p.12822. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312822.
4. Víctor Patricio Díaz-Narváez, María Guadalupe Silva-Vetri, Aracelis Calzadilla-Núñez, Ana Leonides Lopez García, Ana de la Portilla Lopez, Alejandro Reyes-Reyes. (2022). Empathy in Professors and Students of a School of Dentistry in the Caribbean. Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada, 22 https://doi.org/10.1590/pboci.2022.043.
5. Małgorzata Tobiaszewska, Tytus Koweszko, Jonasz Jurek, Karolina Mikołap, Jacek Gierus, Jantoni Mikulski, Napoleon Waszkiewicz. (2024). Personality Types of Medical Students in Terms of Their Choice of Medical Specialty: Cross-Sectional Study. Interactive Journal of Medical Research, 13, p.e60223. https://doi.org/10.2196/60223.
6. María J. Ulloque, Silvina Villalba, Gabriela Foscarini, Susana Quinteros, Aracelis Calzadilla-Núñez, Alejandro Reyes-Reyes, Víctor Díaz-Narváez. (2023). Family Functioning as an Explanatory Factor of Empathic Behavior in Argentine Medical Students. Behavioral Sciences, 13(5), p.356. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13050356.
Dimensions
PlumX
Article abstract page views
Downloads
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Revista Colombiana de PsicologíaThe RCP is published under the Creative Commons license and can be copied and reproduced according to the conditions of this license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5). RCP articles are available online at https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/psicologia/issue/archive. If you would like to subscribe to the RCP as reader, please go to https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/psicologia/information/readers and follow the instructions mentioned in the webpage. Additionally, a limited number of print journals are available upon request. To request print copies, please email revpsico_fchbog@unal.edu.co.
