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La Instalación del Trauma en dos comunidades de Colombia: Trauma Colectivo y Marcos Discursivos
The Installation of Trauma in Two Communities in Colombia: Collective Trauma and Discursive Frames
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v32n1.96617Keywords:
marcos discursivos, masacres, memoria social, trauma colectivo, víctimas, violencia (es)collective trauma, discursive frames, massacres, social memory, victims, violence (en)
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Las comunidades que enfrentan experiencias de violencia extrema sufren daños en su estructura social, que afectan relaciones interpersonales, sentimientos de integración social e identidades personales. Propusimos el concepto de instalación del trauma como construcción sociopolítica y eje de asignación de sentido, que permite a las comunidades explicar lo desconcertante. La instalación consiste en el andamiaje de recursos, materiales y simbólicos, que ofrecen interpretaciones situacionales de una experiencia; nos enfocamos en elementos simbólicos, específicamente en marcos discursivos, que son soportes de significación y organizan contenidos con el fin de comprender eventos. En esta investigación analizamos marcos discursivos de dos comunidades que enfrentaron situaciones de violencia extrema (masacres), con el objetivo de estudiar términos de instalación y elaboración del trauma colectivo. Identificamos marcos discursivos genéricos y específicos, que posibilitaron la construcción comunitaria de una narrativa del trauma. El concepto de instalación del trauma sirve para revisar estrategias de contención psicosocial ante eventos que alteran el tejido social de una comunidad.
Communities that experience extreme violence suffer damage to their social structure. This affects interpersonal relationships, feelings of social integration, and personal identities. In this article, we propose the concept of installation of trauma as both a sociopolitical construction and a strategy of meaning that allows a community to elaborate on traumatic events. The installation consists of the scaffolding of resources both material and symbolic, that offer situational interpretations of an experience. Focusing on symbolic elements, specifically on discursive frames as structures of meaning with communicative purposes, we analyzed the discursive frames of two communities that faced events of extreme violence (massacres), with the aim of studying the terms of installation and elaboration of collective trauma. The results revealed generic and specific discursive frames that allowed the community the construction of the trauma narrative. The concept of trauma installation serves to study psychosocial holding strategies in communities facing tragedy.
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