Published

2023-06-01

Validation of the Hispanic American Version of the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (psi-q): A Culturally Adapted Measure of Multisensory Mental Imagery

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v32n2.99016

Keywords:

Mental imagery, Latin America, Assessment, Hispanic (en)
América Latina, Evaluación, Hispánico, Imágenes mentales (es)

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Authors

  • Iona Naismith Universidad de los Andes, Colombia http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3897-783X
  • William Jiménez Leal Universidad de los Andes
  • Ashley Pople University of Oxford
  • Emily A. Holmes Uppsala University

Mental imagery is increasingly recognized to play a key role in psychotherapy, education, and other domains. The Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (psi-q) measures the vividness of mental imagery in seven modalities: vision, sound, smell, taste, touch, bodily sensations, and feelings. This study adapted the psi-q for Hispanic-American respondents in Colombia and explored moderators of imagery vividness. Study 1 validated the original psi-q (short version) in a sample of 292 Colombian university students. Study 2 developed and validated a cultural adaptation of the psi-q with 508 Colombian adults from the general population. The Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire-2 (vviq-2) was used to analyze convergent validity in both samples. Thus we propose a new 29-item Hispanic-American version of the psi-q, adapted to cultural differences in the region, that displays good reliability and convergent validity. Imagery vividness was higher in females and at higher education levels. Higher cross-loadings between senses occurred in this sample, which may reflect cultural differences in somatization.

Se reconoce cada vez más que las imágenes mentales, la experiencia de la percepción en ausencia de un objeto, desempeñan un papel importante en la psicoterapia, la educación y otros dominios. El Cuestionario de visualización sensorial de Plymouth (Psi-Q) mide la viveza de las imagenes mentales en siete modalidades sensoriales: visión, sonido, olfato, gusto, tacto, sensaciones corporales y sentimientos emocionales. La escala original tiene 35 ítems y la versión corta tiene 21 ítems. Hasta la fecha solo ha sido validado en países de altos ingresos. El presente estudio adaptó el Psi-Q para participantes hispanoamericanos en Colombia y exploró moderadores de la vividez de las imágenes. El estudio 1 validó el Psi-Q original (versión corta) en una muestra de 292 estudiantes universitarios colombianos. El estudio 2 desarrolló y validó una adaptación cultural del Psi-Q con 508 adultos colombianos de la población general. El Cuestionario "Vividness of Visual Imagery-2" (VVIQ-2) se utilizó para analizar la validez convergente en ambas muestras, mientras que la fiabilidad test-retest se midió en una submuestra del Estudio 1. Con base en los hallazgos, proponemos una nueva versión hispanoamericana de 29 ítems del Psi-Q, que se adapta a las diferencias culturales en esta región. La escala mostró buena confiabilidad y validez convergente. Se espera que esto permita una medición precisa de las capacidades de imágenes multisensoriales en Hispanoamérica. La vividez de las imágenes fue mayor en las mujeres y en niveles de educación más altos. En esta muestra se produjeron cargas cruzadas más altas entre los sentidos, lo que puede reflejar diferencias culturales en la somatización.

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How to Cite

APA

Naismith, I., Jiménez Leal, W., Pople, A. . & A. Holmes, E. (2023). Validation of the Hispanic American Version of the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (psi-q): A Culturally Adapted Measure of Multisensory Mental Imagery. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 32(2), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v32n2.99016

ACM

[1]
Naismith, I., Jiménez Leal, W., Pople, A. and A. Holmes, E. 2023. Validation of the Hispanic American Version of the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (psi-q): A Culturally Adapted Measure of Multisensory Mental Imagery. Revista Colombiana de Psicología. 32, 2 (Jun. 2023), 51–63. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v32n2.99016.

ACS

(1)
Naismith, I.; Jiménez Leal, W.; Pople, A. .; A. Holmes, E. Validation of the Hispanic American Version of the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (psi-q): A Culturally Adapted Measure of Multisensory Mental Imagery. Rev. colomb. psicol. 2023, 32, 51-63.

ABNT

NAISMITH, I.; JIMÉNEZ LEAL, W.; POPLE, A. .; A. HOLMES, E. Validation of the Hispanic American Version of the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (psi-q): A Culturally Adapted Measure of Multisensory Mental Imagery. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, [S. l.], v. 32, n. 2, p. 51–63, 2023. DOI: 10.15446/rcp.v32n2.99016. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/psicologia/article/view/99016. Acesso em: 16 mar. 2026.

Chicago

Naismith, Iona, William Jiménez Leal, Ashley Pople, and Emily A. Holmes. 2023. “Validation of the Hispanic American Version of the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (psi-q): A Culturally Adapted Measure of Multisensory Mental Imagery”. Revista Colombiana De Psicología 32 (2):51-63. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v32n2.99016.

Harvard

Naismith, I., Jiménez Leal, W., Pople, A. . and A. Holmes, E. (2023) “Validation of the Hispanic American Version of the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (psi-q): A Culturally Adapted Measure of Multisensory Mental Imagery”, Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 32(2), pp. 51–63. doi: 10.15446/rcp.v32n2.99016.

IEEE

[1]
I. Naismith, W. Jiménez Leal, A. . Pople, and E. A. Holmes, “Validation of the Hispanic American Version of the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (psi-q): A Culturally Adapted Measure of Multisensory Mental Imagery”, Rev. colomb. psicol., vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 51–63, Jun. 2023.

MLA

Naismith, I., W. Jiménez Leal, A. . Pople, and E. A. Holmes. “Validation of the Hispanic American Version of the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (psi-q): A Culturally Adapted Measure of Multisensory Mental Imagery”. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, vol. 32, no. 2, June 2023, pp. 51-63, doi:10.15446/rcp.v32n2.99016.

Turabian

Naismith, Iona, William Jiménez Leal, Ashley Pople, and Emily A. Holmes. “Validation of the Hispanic American Version of the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (psi-q): A Culturally Adapted Measure of Multisensory Mental Imagery”. Revista Colombiana de Psicología 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 51–63. Accessed March 16, 2026. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/psicologia/article/view/99016.

Vancouver

1.
Naismith I, Jiménez Leal W, Pople A, A. Holmes E. Validation of the Hispanic American Version of the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (psi-q): A Culturally Adapted Measure of Multisensory Mental Imagery. Rev. colomb. psicol. [Internet]. 2023 Jun. 1 [cited 2026 Mar. 16];32(2):51-63. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/psicologia/article/view/99016

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CrossRef citations2

1. Sandra Aka, Alice Napias, Christelle Robert, Stéphanie Mathey. (2025). Validation of a French Version of the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (PSIQ-F). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000929.

2. A.Y. Razvaliaeva. (2024). Validating the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire in the Russian Sample. Experimental Psychology (Russia), 17(3), p.144. https://doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2024170310.

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