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Weed community of no-till avocado (Persea americana Mill.) crops in tropical highlands
Comunidad de arvenses en el cultivo de aguacate (Persea americana Mill.) sin labranza en el trópico alto
Keywords:
Weed composition, Importance value, Perennial weeds, Mechanical management (en)Composicion de arvenses, Valor de importancia, Arvenses perennes, Manejo mecánico (es)
No-till avocado orchards in the highlands are gaining importance in eastern Antioquia, Colombia. To evaluate the influence of management, and edaphic properties on the composition of weed communities, 50 Hass avocado orchards were studied in nine municipalities of eastern Antioquia. The variables cover and presence of weeds were used to estimate relative frequency, dominance, and Importance Value (IV); weed management was characterized by a survey. The maximum moisture retention capacity and pH of the soil were also determined. The importance of species, rotation of management strategies, and herbicides were analyzed graphically. The association between weeds dominance, and factors, was evaluated by a generalized linear model. 66 dicots and 28 monocot weeds were classified. Out of the 10 most important species, three foreign species, Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv, Digitaria horizontalis Willd, and Pennisetum clandestinum Hoschst. Ex Chiov were the most representative. The municipalities are grouping the effects of similar management strategies in the territory. Chemical management favored the equilibrium of the weed composition, while mechanical management did not. Soil properties had less influence on the distribution and dominance of weeds.
El cultivo de aguacate cada vez cobra mayor importancia en el altiplano de la subregión Oriente del departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Para evaluar la influencia de diferentes formas de manejo y de algunas propiedades del suelo en la composición de la comunidad de arvenses se monitorearon 50 huertos de aguacate variedad Hass distribuidos en nueve municipios del oriente de Antioquia . Las variables evaluadas fueron la cobertura y la presencia de arvenses, lo que permitió estimar la frecuencia y dominancia relativas, así como el valor de importancia (IV por sus siglas en inglés). El manejo se caracterizó a través de una encuesta, aplicada a los productores de los predios seleccionados. También se determinó la capacidad máxima de retención de humedad y el pH del suelo. La importancia de las arvenses, la rotación de las estrategias de manejo mecánico y el uso de herbicidas se analizaron gráficamente. La asociación entre la dominancia y los factores se determinó a través de un modelo lineal generalizado. Se clasificaron 66 especies de arvenses dicotiledóneas y 28 monocotiledóneas. De las 10 especies con mayor IV, tres especies foráneas Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv, Digitaria horizontalis Willd y Pennisetum clandestinum Hoschst. Ex Chiov fueron las más representativas. Los municipios agruparon los efectos de estrategias de manejo similares en el territorio, el manejo químico favoreció el equilibrio de la composición de arvenses, mientras que el mecánico lo desfavoreció. Las propiedades del suelo presentaron menor influencia en la distribución y dominancia de las arvenses.
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