Sex reversal in female cannabis plants as a in response to male flowering promoters
Reversión sexual de plantas femeninas de cannabis en respuesta a promotores de la floración masculina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.102852Keywords:
Aminoethoxy-vinyl-glycine, Gibberellic acid, 1-Methylcyclopropene, Silver thiosulfate (en)Aminoetoxi-vinil-glicina, Ácido giberélico, 1-Metilciclopropeno, Tiosulfato de plata (es)
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Cannabis sativa is a widely studied species and is currently accepted worldwide due to its medicinal properties, especially those conferred to the CBD phytocannabinoid, which is synthesized mainly in the globular trichomes of female flowers. Males are undesirable and rare in commercial plantations; however, they are necessary for breeding programs. This research aimed to evaluate sexual reversion methods in female cannabis plants as a preliminary stage of a plant breeding program. A completely randomized design with eight treatments and four repetitions was used. The treatments consisted of protocols for the sexual reversion of female plants through drip application and foliar spraying of Silver Thiosulfate (STS), Aminoethoxy-vinyl-glycine (AVG), 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), and Gibberellic acid (AG3), plus a control treatment without application. Male flower production was evaluated in female cannabis plants, and pollen viability in male flowers was determined. The AVG treatments applied to the apex by dripping, and the AG3 applied to the foliage in the form of a spray influenced the sexual reversion of female plants and produced a total of 132 and 32 male flowers, respectively, without difference between them (P=0.08383). For AVG dripping, only male flowers were observed at the apex, where the application was made directly. Moreover, STS and 1-MCP did not induce the production of male flowers. The pollen from male plants treated with AG3 in spray, and AVG dripping showed high viability (>50%), contrary to the low viability observed in plants treated with AGC applied in spray. The plants treated with AG3 (spray) were higher due to the elongation of the internodes. The AVG and AG3 compounds are effective in the sexual reversion of female cannabis and generate male flowers with viable pollen.
Cannabis sativa es una especie ampliamente estudiada y actualmente aceptada a nivel mundial por sus propiedades medicinales, especialmente las conferidas al fitocannabinoide CBD, el cual se sintetiza principalmente en los tricomas globulares de las flores femeninas. Los machos son indeseables y poco comunes en las plantaciones comerciales; sin embargo, son necesarios en los programas de mejoramiento. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar métodos de reversión sexual en plantas femeninas de cannabis como una estrategia preliminar en un programa de mejoramiento de la especie. Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar con ocho tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Estos consistieron en protocolos para la reversión sexual de plantas femeninas a través de la aplicación por goteo y en aspersión foliar de Tiosulfato de plata (STS), Aminoetoxivinil-glicina (AVG), 1-Metil ciclopropeno (1-MCP) y Ácido giberélico (AG3); más un tratamiento testigo sin aplicación. Se evaluó la formación de flores masculinas en plantas femeninas de cannabis y se determinó la viabilidad del polen en las flores masculinas. La aplicación de AVG en spray y por goteo y el AG3 aplicado al follaje en forma de spray fueron efectivos en la reversión sexual de plantas femeninas y produjeron un total de 132 y 32 flores masculinas, respectivamente, sin diferencia entre ellas (P=0.08383). Para AVG en goteo solamente se observaron flores masculinas en el ápice, lugar directo donde se realizó la aplicación. Por otro lado, STS y 1-MCP no indujeron la formación de flores masculinas. El polen producido en plantas masculinas tratadas con AG3 en spray y AVG por goteo presentó alta viabilidad (>50%), contrario a la baja viabilidad observada en plantas tratadas con AGC aplicado en spray. Las plantas tratadas con AG3 (spray) presentaron mayor altura debido a la elongación de los entrenudos. Los compuestos AVG y AG3 son eficaces en la reversión sexual de las plantas femeninas de cannabis e inducen flores masculinas con polen viable.
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