Effect of particle size on sensory and bioactive properties of chocolates with Physalis peruviana L and Vaccinium spp
Efecto del tamaño de partícula sobre las propiedades sensoriales y bioactivas de chocolates con Physalis peruviana L y Vaccinium spp
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.103168Keywords:
Anthocyanins, Cocoa, Particle size, Total phenols (en)Antocianinas, Cacao, Tamaño de partícula, Fenoles totales (es)
Chocolates are considered functional foods and are consumed worldwide. The objective was to evaluate the effect of particle size and the inclusion of Physalis peruviana L (Goldenberry) and Vaccinium spp (Andean blueberry) on sensory attributes, color, total phenols, and anthocyanins in dark and milk chocolate. The attributes of gloss, surface, breakage, melting, grittiness, odor, fruit scents, aftertaste, sweetness, mouthfeel, bitterness, and astringency were evaluated for sensory evaluation. To measure color, the CIELAB system was used. Phenols were evaluated using spectrophotometry and anthocyanins using the pH differential method. According to principal components analysis (PCA), dark chocolates with the inclusion of goldenberries had the best sensory scores (Øp =10-20 µm); the results for the correlations were 0.97 for surface and melting, 0.98 for surface and aftertaste, 1.0 for aftertaste and astringency, and -0.92 melting and odor. Milk chocolate with the inclusion of goldenberries (Øp =10- 20 µm) was superior in attributes such as fruit scents, sweetness, grittiness, gloss, odor, aftertaste, and mouthfeel. At the same time, there was a correlation between melting and aftertaste of -0.92 and between melting and mouthfeel of -0.94, odor with fruit scents and sweetness were 0.96 and 0.98, and fruit scents with aftertaste and sweetness were 0.94 and 0.99. Dark and milk chocolates with the inclusion of goldenberries (Øp =10-15 µm) were slightly superior in the phenol content, while chocolates with the inclusion of Andean blueberries (Øp =10-20 µm) had greater anthocyanin contents.
Los chocolates son productos considerados como alimentos funcionales y son consumidos en todo el mundo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto del tamaño de partícula y la inclusión de Physalis peruviana L (Aguaymanto) y Vaccinium spp (Gongapa) sobre los atributos sensoriales, color, fenoles totales y antocianinas en chocolate oscuro y con leche. Para la evaluación sensorial se consideró los atributos de brillo, superficie, rotura, fusión, arenosidad, olor, aroma a fruta, retrogusto, dulzor, sensación en la boca, amargura y astringencia. Para medir el color se utilizó el sistema CIELAB. Los fenoles fueron evaluados por espectrofotometría y las antocianinas mediante el método de pH-diferencial. Según el análisis de componentes principales (ACP), los chocolates oscuros (ØP=10-20 µm) con inclusión de aguaymanto fueron mejores sensorialmente; los resultados de sus correlaciones entre superficie y fusión (0,97), superficie y retrogusto (0,98), retrogusto y astringencia (1,0), fusión y olor (-0,92). En el chocolate con leche (Øp=10-20 µm) con inclusión de aguaymanto fue superior en los atributos de aroma a frutas, dulzor, arenosidad, brillo, olor, retrogusto y sensación en la boca. Asimismo, este presentó correlación entre fusión con retrogusto (-0,92) y fusión con sensación en la boca (-0,95); olor con aromas a frutas y dulzor (0,96 y 0,98), y aromas a frutas con retrogusto y dulzor (0,94 y 0,99). Los chocolates oscuros y con leche (Øp=10-15 µm) e inclusión de aguaymanto fueron ligeramente superiores en el contenido fenólico; mientras que los chocolates con inclusión de gongapa (Øp=10-20 µm) fueron mayores en el contenido de antocianinas.
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