Influence of drying air temperature on coffee quality during storage
Influencia de la temperatura del aire de secado sobre la calidad del café durante el almacenamiento
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n3.104115Keywords:
Coffea arabica, colorimetry, Germination, Sensory evaluation, Total fat content (en)Café arábica, colorimetría, Germinación, Evaluación sensorial, Contenido de grasa total (es)
Drying is the most important stage for maintaining coffee quality. The temperature conditions at which drying is performed can affect bean integrity. This research was developed with the aim of determining the effect of mechanical drying air temperature on the quality of coffee during storage and verifying its effect on the generation of bleached beans evaluating two air temperatures at 50 and 40 °C, and solar drying was used as a control, using an experimental design of random blocks with 10 blocks. The response variables were related to beans color and sensory quality. The analysis of repeated measures indicated that there were differences in the initial color of the coffee beans due to the effect of the treatments and the storage time. A greater magnitude of color change was obtained for coffee dried at 50 °C and that dried with solar drying. Germination was lower and different for the 50 °C treatment. This treatment also showed greater fat content since the beginning of the storage; meanwhile, the two other treatments just presented greater fat content at the end of the experiment. Regarding to sample proportion of clean cups, the multiple comparison Tukey–Kramer test was significantly different in terms of favoring solar drying at 40 °C. The effect of the drying conditions on beans has not been appreciated; however, the deterioration generated during this stage occurs during storage and manifests itself in a loss of quality, with an increase in defects.
El secado en café es la etapa de conservación más importante para mantener la calidad. Las condiciones de temperatura a las que se realiza pueden afectar la integridad del grano. Esta investigación se desarrolló con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de la temperatura del aire de secado mecánico sobre la calidad del café durante el almacenamiento y comprobar su efecto sobre la generación de granos blanqueados, evaluando dos temperaturas del aire a 50 y 40 °C, utilizando como testigo el secado solar, bajo un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con 10 bloques. Las variables de respuesta fueron las relacionadas con el color de los granos y la calidad sensorial. El análisis de medidas repetidas indicó que hubo diferencias en el color inicial de los granos de café por efecto de los tratamientos y el tiempo de almacenamiento. Se obtuvo mayor magnitud de cambio de color con mayores valores para el café que fue obtenido a 50 °C y secado solar. El porcentaje de germinación fue inferior y diferente para 50 °C. Así mismo, para este tratamiento, el contenido de grasa fue mayor desde el inicio del almacenamiento, mientras que para 40 °C y secado solar se incrementó al final del experimento. La prueba de comparación múltiple de Tukey-Kramer, respecto a la proporción de muestras con taza limpia fue significativamente diferente a favor del secado solar y a 40 °C. El efecto de las condiciones de secado sobre el grano no se aprecia inicialmente; sin embargo, el deterioro generado durante esta etapa se revela durante el almacenamiento y se manifiesta en una pérdida de la calidad, con el aumento de defectos.
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