Molecular prevalence of Bovine Leukemia Virus in specialized dairies in the department of Antioquia, Colombia

Published

2023-05-01

Prevalencia molecular del Virus de Leucosis Bovina en lecherías especializadas del departamento de Antioquia, Colombia

Keywords:

DNA, Lymphocytes, Prevalence, Polymerase chain reaction, Retrovirus, Enzootic bovine leukemia (en)
ADN, Leucosis Bovina Enzoótica, Linfocitos, Prevalencia, Reacción en cadena de la Polimerasa, Retrovirus (es)

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Authors

Daniela Castillo Rey Grupo de Investigación Biodiversidad y Genética Molecular “BIOGEM” https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6113-1029
Albeiro López Herrera Grupo de Investigación Biodiversidad y Genética Molecular “BIOGEM” https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1444-3470
Cristina Úsuga Monroy Grupo de Investigación Biodiversidad y Genética Molecular “BIOGEM” https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6101-2994

Abstract (en)
Abstract (es)

Dairy production systems are a sensitive sector of the primary economy frequently affected by pathogens that negatively impact production parameters, the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) one of these. In this study, the molecular prevalence of BLV was determined in the specialized dairy sector of Antioquia using the viral marker of the envelope gene (env). Blood samples were taken from 575 bovines from specialized dairies in Antioquia distributed in 53 herds and located in the three specialized milk production areas of Antioquia (north, east, and Valle de Aburrá). DNA extraction was performed by salting out, and a nested PCR was performed to detect the env gene. The products were visualized on a 2% agarose gel with GelRed as an intercalator. A molecular prevalence of BLV of 17.0% in animals and 71.7% in herds were found, being Valle de Aburrá the area where the highest rate of positive animals was obtained (21.1%), unlike the northern area with the lowest rate (15.6%). The molecular prevalence of BLV in this study is lower than that of previous studies in the department, which ranged between 47 and 73%, and this may be associated with factors of breed resistance, the age of the animals, or management practices in the herds. These results can contribute to creating BLV control strategies and optimizing milk production in the department of Antioquia, being relevant to paying attention to the behavior of this pathogen under different production system conditions.

Los sistemas de producción de leche son un sector sensible de la economía primaria, viéndose frecuentemente afectados por patógenos que impactan negativamente parámetros productivos, siendo el virus de la leucosis bovina (BLV) uno de estos. En este estudio, se determinó la prevalencia molecular a BLV en la lechería especializada de Antioquia mediante el marcador viral del gen de la envoltura (env). Se tomó muestra de sangre de 575 bovinos de lecherías especializadas de Antioquia distribuidos en 53 hatos, ubicados en las tres zonas de producción de leche especializada de Antioquia (norte, oriente y Valle de Aburrá). Se realizó extracción de ADN por Salting out y se realizó una PCR anidada para detección del gen env. Los productos se visualizaron en un gel de agarosa al 2% con GelRed como intercalante. Se encontró una prevalencia molecular a BLV del 17,0% en animales y 71,7% en hatos, siendo el Valle de Aburrá la zona donde se obtuvo la mayor tasa de animales positivos (21,1%), a diferencia del norte que tuvo la más baja (15,6%). Se halló que la prevalencia molecular a BLV de este estudio es menor a la de investigaciones previas en el departamento, la cual se encontraba entre el 47 y 73%, y esto puede estar asociado a factores de resistencia raciales, edad de los animales o las prácticas de manejo en los hatos. Estos resultados pueden contribuir a crear estrategias de control del BLV y optimizar la producción lechera en el departamento de Antioquia, siendo relevante poner atención al comportamiento de este patógeno bajo las diferentes condiciones que tienen los sistemas de producción.

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