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Poultry meat preservation with citric acid obtained from the fermentation of wheat straw by Aspergillus niger
Conservación de carne de ave con ácido cítrico obtenido de la fermentación de paja de trigo por Aspergillus niger
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v77n2.105711Keywords:
Fermentation, Lignocellulosic-wastes, Meat preservation, Organic acids, Shelf-life (en)Fermentación, Residuos lignocelulósicos, Conservacion de carne, Ácidos orgánicos, Vida útil (es)
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Wheat straw is a highly abundant waste material that can be utilized as a carbon source in various fermentation processes. This study aimed to generate citric acid using Aspergillus niger from wheat straw and to evaluate its preservative potential in fresh poultry meat samples. Wheat straw samples were dried, pulverized, and chemically pretreated. The obtained wheat straw slurry (100 g L-1) was saccharified at 50 °C using cellulases obtained from Trichoderma viride. The hydrolyzed substrate was then subjected to fermentation by Aspergillus niger at 35 °C, 180 rpm, and pH=5 for 7 days. The citric acid generated was determined via the HPLC technique. Poultry meat was obtained and treated by soaking in different concentrations (1, 2, and 3%) of citric acid (n=4). The treated samples were then stored in sterile plastic bags for 14 days at 4 °C. Total Bacterial Count (TBC), Total Coliform Count (TCC), TVB-N, and TBARS were determined as storage progressed, and pH, TTA, and sensory evaluation were carried out. The highest citric acid obtained was 14.15 g L-1 which resulted in a percent yield of 26.18%. Treatment of meat with 3% citric acid had the lowest TBC and TCC of 2.55 and 0.34 Log10 CFU g-1 after 7 days of storage respectively. There were significant differences in the TBC and TCC observed within the treatments (P<0.05) as observed. T-VBN and TBARS reduction during storage was most evident in meat samples treated with 3% citric acid, retaining acceptability of 31.22 mg 100 g-1 and 0.74 mg kg-1, respectively at day 10. The 2% citric acid treatment had the best sensory attributes (16) on day 7. Findings from this study show that treatment with 2% citric acid and above showed promising results in extending the shelf-life of fresh poultry meat samples.
La paja de trigo es un material de desecho muy abundante que puede servir como fuente de carbono en diversos procesos de fermentación. El estudio tuvo como objetivo generar ácido cítrico a partir de la paja de trigo utilizando Aspergillus niger y evaluar su potencial conservante en muestras de carne fresca de ave. Las muestras de paja de trigo se secaron, pulverizaron y pretrataron químicamente. La suspensión de paja de trigo obtenida (100 g L-1) se sacarificó a 50 °C usando celulasas obtenidas de Trichoderma viride. El sustrato hidrolizado luego se sometió a fermentación por Aspergillus niger a 35 °C, 180 rpm y pH=5 durante 7 días. El ácido cítrico generado se determinó mediante la técnica de HPLC. La carne de ave se obtuvo y se trató mediante remojo en diferentes concentraciones (1, 2 y 3%) de ácido cítrico (n=4). Las muestras tratadas se almacenaron en bolsas de plástico estériles durante 14 días a 4 °C. Se determinaron el recuento total de bacterias (TBC), el recuento Total de Coliformes (TCC), el TVB-N y el TBARS a medida que avanzaba el almacenamiento, y se realizó el pH, el TTA y la evaluación sensorial. El ácido cítrico obtenido fue de 14,15 g L-1, lo que resultó en un rendimiento porcentual del 26,18%. El tratamiento de la carne con un 3% de ácido cítrico presentó los valores más bajos de TBC y TCC de 2,55 y 0,34 Log10 UFC g-1 después de 7 días de almacenamiento, respectivamente. Se observaron diferencias significativas (P<0,05) en el TBC y el TCC dentro de los tratamientos. La reducción de T-VBN y TBARS durante el almacenamiento fue más evidente en las muestras de carne tratadas con ácido cítrico al 3%, conservando una aceptabilidad de 31,22 mg 100 g-1 y 0,74 mg kg-1, respectivamente, en el día 10. El tratamiento con ácido cítrico al 2% tuvo los mejores atributos sensoriales (16) en el día 7. Los resultados de este estudio indican que el tratamiento con ácido cítrico al 2% mostró resultados promisorios en la prolongación de la vida útil de las muestras de carne fresca de ave.
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