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Physiological evaluation of Sonchus oleraceus L. seeds with different pre-germinative treatments under high tropical latitudinal conditions
Evaluación fisiológica de semillas de Sonchus oleraceus L. mediante diferentes tratamientos pre-germinativos en condiciones latitudinales de trópico alto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v77n1.107027Keywords:
Dormancy, Germination physiology, Gibberellins, Scarification, Sowing depth (en)Latencia, Fisiología de germinación, Giberelinas, Escarificación, Profundidad de siembra (es)
Sonchus oleraceus L. is an invasive species that negatively affects the quality and yield of different crops. This research aimed to evaluate the physiological behavior of seeds from the weed S. oleraceus L., which were subjected to different treatments in three experiments. In experiment 1, different gibberellic acid (GA) concentrations were applied (0, 200, 400, and 600 mg L-1). In the second experiment, apical, basal, and apical-basal cut treatments were carried out on the seeds. In a third experiment, seeds were placed at different sowing depths (0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 cm) in peat as the substrate. The results indicated that GA at concentrations higher than 200 mg L-1 inhibited seed germination and, consequently, seedling growth. Germination was similar between the 200 mg L-1 GA treatment and the control, but germination occurred faster in the control. The apical-basal cut in the seeds generated the highest percentage of germination, the highest average speed of germination, and a significantly lower time of germination than the control; however, the longest shoot was observed in the seeds without a cut, and the longest root was detected in the seeds with the basal cut. Seedling emergence was affected by sowing depth, where it was significantly greater at 0.5, lesser at 2 cm, and, at greater depths, seedlings did not emerge.
Sonchus oleraceus L., es una especie invasiva que afecta negativamente la calidad y el rendimiento de diferentes cultivos. El objetivo de esta evaluación fue evaluar el comportamiento fisiológico de las semillas de la maleza S. oleraceus L., para lo cual, las semillas fueron sometidas a diferentes tratamientos en tres experimentos. En el experimento 1 se aplicaron diferentes concentraciones de ácido giberélico (0, 200, 400 y 600 mg L-1). En el segundo experimento se realizaron tratamientos de despunte apical, basal, y apical-basal, más un control. En un tercer experimento las semillas se sometieron a diferentes profundidades de siembra (0,5, 1, 2, 5 y 10 cm) en turba como sustrato. Los resultados indicaron que el ácido giberélico en concentraciones superiores a 200 mg L-1 presentó un efecto inhibidor de germinación y, por tanto, del crecimiento de las plántulas. La germinación con 200 mg L-1 de GA y el control fue similar, pero en el control la germinación ocurrió más rápido. Por su parte, el despunte apical-basal generó el mayor porcentaje de germinación, la mayor velocidad media de germinación, y un tiempo significativamente inferior al control; sin embargo, la mayor longitud de parte aérea fue presentada en las semillas sin despunte, y la mayor longitud de raíz en el despunte basal. La emergencia de las plántulas disminuyó en función de la profundidad de siembra, ya que fue significativamente mayor en 0,5, menor a 2 cm y en profundidades mayores no se logró emergencia de las plántulas.
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