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Inoculation and microelements: two important factors for enhanced conidiogenesis of Trichoderma asperellum in solid and liquid fermentation
Inoculación y microelementos: dos factores importantes para mejorar la conidiogénesis de Trichoderma asperellum en fermentación sólida y líquida
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v77n1.108175Keywords:
Calcium carbonate, Conidia, Fermentation, Inoculum, Potassium dihydrogenate phosphate, Trichoderma asperellum (en)Carbonato de calcio, Conidio, Fermentación , Inóculo, Fosfato dihidrogenado de potasio, Trichoderma asperellum (es)
The standardization of cultivation processes that allow high levels of conidia growth and formation is required to formulate Trichoderma products to combat fungal diseases in agronomically important crops. This study evaluated the effects of inoculation using different inoculum concentrations (1.0x105, 1.0x106, and 1.0x107 conidia mL-1) and inoculum volumes (10, 30, and 50 mL). Later, it evaluated the effect of adding microelements (CaCO3, KH2PO4, MgSO4*7H2O, and (NH4)2SO4) on the conidiogenesis of two strains of Trichoderma asperellum (GRB-HA01 and GRB-HA02) in solid-state and liquid fermentation processes. After 12 days of fermentation, the highest conidiogenesis values for Trichoderma asperellum GRB-HA01 (6.9x109±5.7x102 conidia g-1) and Trichoderma asperellum GRB-HA02 (1.3x109±1.4x102 conidia g-1) were achieved using an inoculum volume of 10 mL at a concentration of 1.0x07 conidia mL-1. Adding CaCO3 (1 g g-1), resulted in the highest conidia concentrations for Trichoderma asperellum GRB-HA01 (3.0x1011±2.5x102 conidia g-1) and Trichoderma asperellum GRB-HA02 (8.6x1010±1.1x101 conidia g-1), reducing fermentation times to 9 days. The conidiogenesis obtained with liquid fermentation was lower and affected Trichoderma asperellum GRB-HA01 (3.1x107±1.1x102 conidia g-1) and Trichoderma asperellum GRB-HA02 (3.1x109±2.8x102 conidia g-1). This study showed that inoculation and adding microelements were important factors in the conidiogenesis processes of Trichoderma asperellum GRB-HA01 and GRB-HA02. Additionally, it was evidenced that solid-state fermentations are more efficient than liquid fermentation processes.
La estandarización de los procesos de cultivo que permite altos niveles de crecimiento y formación de conidios es necesario para la formulación de productos de Trichoderma para combatir enfermedades fúngicas en cultivos de importancia agronómica. Este estudio evaluó los efectos de la inoculación utilizando diferentes concentraciones de inoculo (1,0x105, 1,0x106 y 1,0x107 conidios mL-1) y volumen de inóculo (10, 30 y 50 mL). Posteriormente, se evaluó el efecto de la adición de microelementos (CaCO3, KH2PO4, MgSO4*7H2O y (NH4)2SO4) sobre la conidiogénesis de dos cepas de Trichoderma asperellum (GRB-HA01 y GRB-HA02) en procesos de fermentación en estado sólido y líquido. Después de 12 días de fermentación, los valores más altos de conidiogénesis para Trichoderma asperellum GRB-HA01 (6,9x109±5,7x102 conidios g-1) y Trichoderma asperellum GRB-HA02 (1,3x109±1,4x102 conidios g-1) se lograron utilizando un volumen de inóculo de 10 mL con una concentración de 1,0x107 conidios mL-1. La adición de CaCO3 (1 g g-1) generó las mayores concentraciones de conidios para Trichoderma asperellum GRB-HA01 (3,0x1011±2,5x102 conidios g-1) y Trichoderma asperellum GRB-HA02 (8,6x1010±1,1x101 conidios g-1), reduciendo los tiempos de fermentación a 9 días. La conidiogénesis obtenida con la fermentación líquida fue menor y afectó a Trichoderma asperellum GRB-HA01 (3,1x107±1,1x102 conidios g-1) y Trichoderma asperellum GRB-HA02 (3,1x109±2,8x102 conidios g-1). Este estudio demostró que la inoculación y la adición de microelementos fueron factores importantes durante los procesos de conidiogénesis de Trichoderma asperellum GRB-HA01 y GRBHA02. Adicionalmente, se evidenció que las fermentaciones en estado sólido son más eficientes que los procesos de fermentación líquida.
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1. Neha Sharma. (2026). Solid-state fermentation using agro-industrial residues for enhanced production of Beauveria bassiana s.l. JG787 and evaluation of virulence against Tetranychus urticae. Bioresource Technology Reports, 33, p.102588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102588.
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