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Association between weeds and plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria in the phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil
Asociación entre malezas y rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal en la fitorremediación de suelo contaminado con plomo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v77n2.108353Keywords:
Bacterial consortia, Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, Lead tolerance, Phytotoxicity, Synergy (en)Consorcios bacterianos, Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, Tolerancia al plomo, Fitoxicidad, Sinergia (es)
Lead is a persistent heavy metal in the soil that can accumulate in edible plants, so non-polluting strategies are required for its removal. In this study, the efficiency of weeds with associated rhizobacteria in phytoremediation of soil contaminated with lead (800 ppm) was investigated. Weeds with lead tolerance were selected, as well as rhizobacteria that promote plant growth in vitro. Several bacterial consortia (BC) were applied on three weed species, and the weight of the aboveground biomass of the weeds, the phytotoxicity of the soil after phytoremediation, as well as the parameters of the phytoremediation of lead in the soil with lower phytotoxicity, were evaluated. As a result, 20% of the weeds analyzed were tolerant to lead with indices of 0.80 (Echinochloa colona (L.) Link), 0.76 (Cyperus corymbosus Rottb.), and 0.72 (Sorghum halepense). BC solubilized phosphates, produced indole acetic acid, and increased the fresh biomass of plants (4.14-14.32%). Furthermore, the lowest level of phytotoxicity in the soil was detected in the treatment of E. colona (L.) Link with Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. (BC1), as well as a bioaccumulation factor of 0.1650 in the foliage, 1.0250 in the roots, and a translocation factor of 0.1611. Finally, 78.83% lead removal was determined in E. colona (L.) Link with rhizobacteria, compared to the 57.58% obtained with E. colona (L.) Link without rhizobacteria. The efficiency of the association of weeds and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with lead was demonstrated.
El plomo es un metal pesado persistente en el suelo que puede acumularse en las plantas comestibles, por lo que se requieren estrategias no contaminantes para su remoción. En este estudio se investigó la eficiencia de malezas con rizobacterias asociadas en la fitorremediación de suelo contaminado con plomo (800 ppm). Se seleccionaron malezas con tolerancia al plomo, así como rizobacterias que promueven el crecimiento vegetal in vitro. Se aplicaron diversos consorcios bacterianos (CB) sobre tres especies de malezas, y se evaluó el peso de la biomasa aérea de las malezas, la fitotoxicidad del suelo después de la fitorremediación, así como los parámetros de la fitorremediación del plomo en el suelo con menor fitotoxicidad. Se encontró que el 20% de las malezas analizadas fueron tolerantes al plomo con índices de 0,80 (Echinochloa colona (L.) Link), 0,76 (Cyperus corymbosus Rottb) y 0,72 (Sorghum halepense). Los CB solubilizaron fosfatos, produjeron ácido indol acético y aumentaron la biomasa fresca de las plantas (4,14-14,32%). Además, el menor nivel de fitotoxicidad en el suelo se detectó en el tratamiento de E. colona (L.) Link con Pseudomonas spp. y Acinetobacter spp. (CB1), así como un factor de bioacumulación de 0,1650 en el follaje, 1,0250 en las raíces y un factor de translocación de 0,1611. Finalmente, se determinó 78,83% de remoción de plomo en E. colona (L.) Link con rizobacterias, a comparación del 57,58% obtenido con E. colona (L.) Link sin rizobacterias. Se demostró la eficiencia de la asociación de malezas y rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal en la fitorremediación de suelos contaminados con plomo.
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