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Survival and oviposition of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychiidae) under exposure to unfractionated botanical extracts
Supervivencia y oviposición de Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychiidae) bajo exposición a extractos botánicos crudos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v78n2.111419Keywords:
Botanicals, Ornamental plants, Pest Control, Phytophagous mite (en)Productos botánicos, Plantas ornamentales, Control de Plagas, Ácaro fitófago (es)
Chemically synthesized acaricides are widely used to control Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), a major agricultural pest that causes significant crop damage. However, the excessive use of synthetic acaricides has led to the emergence of resistant mite populations, complicating pest management. This challenge has driven the search for alternative strategies, including cultural and biological control, which have shown promise. Another potential alternative is botanical extracts, which may be effective even at sublethal doses. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 10 botanical extracts on the mortality and oviposition of Tetranychus urticae adults under laboratory conditions. The extracts were tested at a single mean dose (0.06% w/v). The ethanol crude extract of Nectandra amazonum exhibited the highest corrected mortality (14.4%) at 96 hours. Significant oviposition alterations were observed throughout the bioassay, with notable effects at 24 and 96 hours (P<0.05). LC-MS analysis of the extracts identified 42 major compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenes, which are likely responsible for the observed effects. These findings indicate that the tested botanical extracts significantly affect Tetranychus urticae reproductive capacity, supporting their potential role in integrated pest management strategies.
Aunque los acaricidas sintetizados químicamente han sido una estrategia ampliamente utilizada para controlar el ácaro Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), una plaga económicamente importante debido a su daño significativo causado en cultivos de flores y ornamentales, la utilización indiscriminada de acaricidas sintéticos ha generado poblaciones de ácaros resistentes a tratamientos químicos. Por lo tanto, el control de este fitófago parece ser más desafiante. Este hecho ha llevado a la búsqueda de otras estrategias, como el control cultural y biológico, que han demostrado ser prometedores. Otra alternativa potencial se basa en el uso de extractos botánicos, con efectos incluso a dosis subletales. El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de 10 extractos botánicos sobre la mortalidad y oviposición de Tetranychus urticae en condiciones de laboratorio. Los extractos se probaron con una dosis media única (0,06% p/v). La mayor mortalidad corregida (14,4%) fue obtenida con el extracto etanólico crudo de Nectandra amazonum a 96 horas. Así mismo, se observaron alteraciones principales en la oviposición a los diferentes tiempos a lo largo de la duración del bioensayo, que implicaron efectos significativamente diferentes después de 24 y 96 horas (P<0,05). El análisis de la composición química de los extractos mediante LC/MS reveló la presencia de 42 compuestos principales que incluyeron flavonoides, alcaloides y terpenos, que podrían ser responsables de los efectos observados en Tetranychus urticae. Los resultados indican que los extractos evaluados alteran la capacidad de reproducción de Tetranychus urticae como un efecto subletal relevante, que podría aprovecharse para controlar las poblaciones de este fitófago en combinación con otras estrategias de manejo de plagas.
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