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Interference of Conyza sumatrensis on grain yield of soybean cultivars
Interferencia de Conyza sumatrensis en la productividad de grano de cultivares de soya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v78n1.112580Keywords:
Agronomic performance, Crop-weed competition, Erigeron sumatrensis Retz, Weed (en)Desempeño agronómico, Competición entre cultivos y malezas, Erigeron sumatrensis Retz, Arroz maleza (es)
Sumatran fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis) weed can be found in several different agricultural environments and impacts different crops, such as soybean and maize. This weed may have a substantial impact on soybean yield. The aim was to evaluate the interference of C. sumatrensis on the grain yield of soybean cultivars. Soybean cultivars were used with late or early maturity, under 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 plants m-2 of C. sumatrensis. The four trials, composed of the two cultivars in each of the growing seasons, were analyzed separately. Because differences were found to be significant using the F-test in the comparison between trials (P≤0.05). The yield was subjected to analysis of variance and F-test. A nonlinear, rectangular hyperbolic regression model was fitted. For the early maturity cultivar, infestation levels of 17.1 and 17 of plants m-2 in the 2016–2018 and 2017–2018 growing seasons, respectively, were required to cause a 50% yield loss. For late-maturity cultivars, the values were 6.3 and 7.0 in the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 growing seasons, respectively. The yield reduction observed for the late-maturity cultivar was 12.54 and 13.72% per plant of C. sumatrensis, in the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 growing seasons, respectively. The early maturity cultivar showed a reduction of 9.35 and 10.77% per plant, in the 2016-2017 and 2017–2018 growing seasons, respectively. Conyza sumatrensis that cannot be tolerated in soybean, because a single plant per m2 has great potential for reducing yield, from 9.35 to 13.72%.
La maleza rama negra (Conyza sumatrensis) se puede encontrar en varios entornos agrícolas diferentes y afecta a diferentes cultivos, como la soja y el maíz. Esta maleza puede tener un impacto sustancial en la productividad de la soja. El objetivo fue evaluar la interferencia de C. sumatrensis en la productividad de grano de cultivares de soja. Se utilizaron cultivares de soja con madurez tardía o temprana, bajo 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 y 10 plantas m-2 de C. sumatrensis. Los cuatro ensayos, compuestos por los dos cultivares en cada una de las cosechas, se analizaron por separado. Debido a que se encontraron diferencias significativas utilizando la prueba F en la comparación entre ensayos (P≤0,05). La productividad fue sometida a análisis de varianza y prueba F. Se ajustó un modelo de regresión no lineal, hiperbólico rectangular. Para el cultivar de madurez temprana, se necesitaron niveles de infestación de 17,1 y 17 plantas m-2 en las cosechas 2016–2018 y 2017–2018, respectivamente, para causar una pérdida de productividad del 50%. Para el cultivar de madurez tardía, los valores fueron de 6,3 y 7,0 en las cosechas 2016–2017 y 2017–2018, respectivamente. La reducción de la productividad observada para el cultivar de madurez tardía fue del 12,54 y 13,72% por planta de C. sumatrensis, en las cosechas 2016–2017 y 2017–2018, respectivamente. El cultivar de madurez temprana mostró una reducción del 9,35 y 10,77% por planta, en las cosechas 2016–2017 y 2017–2018, respectivamente. Conyza sumatrensis no puede tolerarse en la soya, porque una sola planta por m2 tiene un gran potencial para reducir la productividad, del 9,35 al 13,72%.
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