Root colonization of tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica L.) and occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils – Sopetrán, Antioquia
Colonización de raíces de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.) y ocurrencia de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares en los suelos – Sopetrán, Antioquia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v78n3.113960Keywords:
AMF diversity , Native agroecosystems , Rhizosphere, Soil microorganisms, Symbiotic associations, Tropical dry forest (en)Diversidad de HMA, Agroecosistemas nativos , Rizosfera, Microorganismos del suelo, Asociaciones simbióticas, Bosque seco tropical (es)
The tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica L.) is a multipurpose species, primarily used in the food and medical industries, cultivated by traditional growers who do not employ a fertilization process in their crop fields. In Colombia, few studies have related the presence of this plant in low-fertility soils to the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. This study aims to know the AMF associated with the rhizosphere of tamarind trees in the tropical dry forest from the Western Antioquia region, and to establish the AMF colonization of the roots. For this purpose, samples of the rhizosphere and roots from a production plot were taken, spores were extracted and morphotype identification was made, and after slide mounting, the spores were described under the microscope based on their morphological characteristics and identified using specialized identification keys. In the previously decolorized and dyed roots, the fungi colonization was determined, distinguishing hyphae, arbuscules and vesicles presence. Fifteen species of AMF were described, 53% of them belonging to the Glomeraceae family and 20% to the Acaulosporaceae family. The mycorrhizal colonization was observed in 50% of samples, hyphae were found in 39%, arbuscules in 31%, and vesicles in 14%. This record is higher than other reports on T. indica, which may indicate the importance of this symbiosis for the plant in traditional production systems studied.
El tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.) es una especie multipropósito, usada principalmente con fines alimenticios y medicinales, cultivada por productores tradicionales, quienes no realizan fertilización del cultivo. En Colombia hay pocos estudios que relacionen la presencia de estas plantas en suelos de baja fertilidad natural y la colonización por hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA). Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo conocer los HMA asociados a la rizosfera de árboles de T. indica, en el bosque seco tropical del occidente cercano de Antioquia y establecer la colonización de HMA de las raíces. Para ello se tomaron muestras de rizosfera y raíces de un lote en producción, se hizo extracción de esporas para su separación por morfotipo, luego del montaje las esporas fueron descritas en sus características morfológicas en microscopio y determinadas con claves especializadas. En las raíces previamente decoloradas y teñidas se determinó la colonización por los hongos, discriminando la presencia de hifas, arbúsculos y vesículas. Se describieron 15 especies de HMA, un 53% de ellas pertenecientes a Glomeraceae y 20% a Acaulosporaceae. La colonización micorrícica encontrada fue de 50%, en el 39% de las muestras se hallaron hifas, en el 31% arbúsculos y en el 14% vesículas. Este registro es mayor a otros reportes en T. indica, esto puede ser indicativo de la importancia de esta simbiosis para la planta en los sistemas de producción tradicionales estudiados.
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