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Genetic variants of caseins and β-lactoglobulin in Lucerna cattle and their association with milk quality
Variantes genéticas de caseínas y β-lactoglobulina en el ganado Lucerna y su asociación con la calidad de la leche
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v78n3.114735Keywords:
Creole cattle, Genetic linkage, Haplotype frequencies, Milk proteins (en)Ganado criollo, Ligamiento genético, Frecuencias haplotípicas, Proteínas de la leche (es)
This study aimed to evaluate the variation in the genes CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, CSN3 and LGB in the Lucerna breed (LUC). For this purpose, 94 LUC animals and 10 Hartón del Valle (HDV) animals were genotyped using the GGP™ Bovine 150 K chip, which contains four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CSN1S1 gene, 14 in the CSN2 gene, two in the CSN1S2 gene, 12 in the CSN3 gene and 11 in the LGB gene. Haplotypes and protein variants of αS1-CN, β-CN, αS2-CN, κ-CN and β-LG were reconstructed. Genotypic frequencies of the major variants were compared between sexes and generations. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, wFST and FIS values were assessed for each of the SNPs. LD values and haplotype frequencies for the caseins were estimated and plotted. The CSN1S1*B, CSN2*A2, CSN1S2*A, CSN3*A and LGB*B variants were the most frequent in both breeds. Genotype frequencies did not vary between sexes, and only the CSN2*A2A2 genotype varied between generations. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was maintained for all markers, except for one SNP in the LGB gene. The wFST values obtained were very low according to sex (wFST=0.0043) and generation (wFST=0.026). The FIT value was -0.0086. Nineteen CSN1S1-CSN2-CSN1S2-CSN3 haplotypes were found in LUC and eight in HDV with different frequencies. The genetic linkage between the casein genes was low. In conclusion, the genes studied are polymorphic, with a high frequency of variants related to milk production, quality and technological performance. These results can be used in assisted selection programs aimed at improving milk quality and processing traits.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la variación en los genes CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, CSN3 y BLG en la raza Lucerna (LUC). Para ello, 94 animales LUC y 10 animales Hartón del Valle (HDV) fueron genotipados usando el chip GGP™ Bovine 150 K, que tiene cuatro SNPs en el gen CSN1S1, 14 en el gen CSN2, dos en el gen CSN1S2, 12 en el gen CSN3 y 11 en el gen LGB. A partir de los cuales fueron reconstruidos los haplotipos y variantes proteínicas de la αS1-CN, β-CN, αS2-CN, κ-CN y β-LG. Se compararon las frecuencias genotípicas de las variantes más importantes entre sexos y generaciones. Se evaluó el equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg y los valores de wFST y FIS para cada uno de los SNPs. Se estimaron y graficaron los valores de LD y las frecuencias haplotípicas para las caseínas. Las variantes CSN1S1*B, CSN2*A2, CSN1S2*A, CSN3*A y BLG*B fueron las más frecuentes en ambas razas. Las frecuencias genotípicas no variaron entre sexos, y solo el genotipo CSN2*A2A2 varió entre generaciones. Todos los marcadores mostraron equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg, excepto un SNP en el gen BLG. Los valores de wFST obtenidos fueron muy bajos por el sexo (wFST=0,0043) y generación (wFST=0,026). Mientras que, el valor de FIT fue de -0,0086. Se encontraron 19 haplotipos CSN1S1-CSN2-CSN1S2-CSN3 en LUC y ocho en HDV con frecuencias diferentes. El ligamiento genético fue bajo entre los genes de las caseínas. En conclusión, los genes evaluados son polimórficos y con alta frecuencia de las variantes relacionadas con mayor producción mejor calidad y rendimiento tecnológico de la leche. Estos resultados pueden ser utilizados en programas de selección asistida destinados a mejorar la calidad de la leche y los rasgos de procesado.
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