Gibberellic acid and warm incubation temperatures as germination stimulants in yellow kiwifruit seeds (Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis)
Ácido giberélico y temperaturas cálidas de incubación como estimulantes de la germinación en semillas de kiwi amarillo (Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v78n2.115017Keywords:
Deciduous , Latency , Stimulation, Temperature (en)Caducifolio, Latencia, Estimulación, Temperatura (es)
The kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis) is a deciduous fruit tree belonging to the Actinidiaceae family. Its industry in Mexico is still incipient, making it necessary to introduce new cultivars with diverse pulp colors and flavors. To achieve this, a population of seed-derived plants was used; however, these exhibited dormancy and low germination rates. This study aimed to evaluate pre-germination treatments to improve seed germination capacity. A completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement was applied, evaluating five concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA₃) [0, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, and 6,000 ppm] in combination with three constant temperature levels (25, 30, and 35 °C) for 68 days. Prior to treatment application, seeds were stratified at 4 °C for 31 days and then immersed for 24 hours in their respective GA₃ solutions and water. Each experimental unit consisted of 50 seeds, with three replications. The variables evaluated included germination percentage (GP), mean germination rate (MGR), mean germination time (MGT), and days to dormancy release (DL), using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (P<0.05). Significant differences were found for all variables except MGT. The best results were obtained at 25 °C with any GA₃ concentration, where dormancy period was shortened (2.63 days), and both GP (6.35%) and MGR (0.5 seeds/day) increased. Constant temperatures above 30 °C negatively affected these variables.
El kiwi (Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis) es un frutal caducifolio de la familia Actinidiaceae cuya industria en México aún es incipiente, por lo que se requiere la introducción de nuevos cultivares con pulpas de distintos colores y sabores. Para ello, se utilizó una población de plantas obtenidas por semilla, las cuales presentaron latencia y bajo porcentaje de germinación. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar tratamientos pre-germinativos para mejorar su capacidad germinativa. Se aplicó un diseño completamente al azar con un arreglo factorial, evaluando cinco concentraciones de ácido giberélico (GA₃) [0, 1.000, 2.000, 4.000 y 6.000 ppm], combinadas con tres niveles de temperatura constante (25, 30 y 35 °C) por 68 días. Previo a la aplicación de los tratamientos, las semillas fueron estratificadas a 4 °C durante 31 días y posteriormente sumergidas por 24 horas en las respectivas soluciones de GA₃ y agua. Cada unidad experimental estuvo compuesta por 50 semillas, con tres repeticiones. Se evaluaron las variables: porcentaje de germinación (PG), velocidad media de germinación (VMG), tiempo medio de germinación (TMG) y días a latencia (DL), utilizando ANOVA y prueba de Tukey (P<0,05). Se encontraron diferencias significativas en todas las variables, excepto en TMG. Las mejores respuestas se obtuvieron a 25 °C con cualquier concentración de GA₃, donde se redujo el tiempo de latencia (2,63 días) y se incrementaron el PG (6,35 %) y la VMG (0,5 semillas/día). Temperaturas superiores a 30 °C afectaron negativamente estas variables.
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