Published

2025-09-01

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaf disease detection using computer vision

Detección de enfermedades en las hojas del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) mediante visión por computadora

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v78n3.116493

Keywords:

Deep learning, Object detection, Plant pathology, PlantVillage dataset, Precision agriculture (en)
Aprendizaje profundo, Detección de objetos, Fitopatología, PlantVillage dataset, Agricultura de precisión (es)

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Tomato cultivation is a key component of global agriculture, but is significantly threatened by pests and diseases that impact yield and trade. To address this, the present study investigates the application of YOLOv9, a state-of-the-art object detection model, for automated disease detection in tomato leaves. Using a dataset of 4,323 images with 15,135 annotations and a modified PlantVillage dataset, YOLOv9 models were trained and evaluated. Among the evaluated models, YOLOv9e yielded the highest mean average precision (mAP) at 0.964, establishing a benchmark for accuracy. In contrast, the YOLOv9t model provided an optimal balance for practical applications, achieving a competitive mAP of 0.95 with a rapid inference time of 8.8 ms. Furthermore, this work contributes a public version of the PlantVillage dataset with bounding box annotations, providing a valuable resource for object detection research and extending the use of the original classification-focused dataset. The results indicate that YOLOv9 models are effective for real-time and accurate detection of various diseases in complex agricultural settings.

El cultivo de tomate es un componente clave de la agricultura mundial, pero se ve amenazado significativamente por plagas y enfermedades que impactan el rendimiento y el comercio. Para abordar esto, el presente estudio investiga la aplicación de YOLOv9, un modelo de detección de objetos de última generación, para la detección automatizada de enfermedades en las hojas de tomate. Utilizando un conjunto de datos de 4.323 imágenes con 15.135 anotaciones y un conjunto de datos PlantVillage modificado, se entrenaron y evaluaron los modelos YOLOv9. Entre los modelos evaluados, YOLOv9e arrojó la precisión media promedio (mAP) más alta con 0,964, estableciendo un punto de referencia para la exactitud. En contraste, el modelo YOLOv9t proporcionó un equilibrio óptimo para aplicaciones prácticas, logrando un mAP competitivo de 0,95 con un tiempo de inferencia rápido de 8,8 ms. Además, este trabajo aporta una versión pública del conjunto de datos PlantVillage con anotaciones de cuadros delimitadores, proporcionando un recurso valioso para la investigación en detección de objetos y extendiendo el uso del conjunto de datos original enfocado en la clasificación. Los resultados indican que los modelos YOLOv9 son eficaces para la detección precisa y en tiempo real de diversas enfermedades en entornos agrícolas complejos.

References

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How to Cite

APA

Palacio Betancur, S. & Bolaños Martinez, F. (2025). Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaf disease detection using computer vision. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín, 78(3), 11203–11212. https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v78n3.116493

ACM

[1]
Palacio Betancur, S. and Bolaños Martinez, F. 2025. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaf disease detection using computer vision. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín. 78, 3 (Sep. 2025), 11203–11212. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v78n3.116493.

ACS

(1)
Palacio Betancur, S.; Bolaños Martinez, F. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaf disease detection using computer vision. Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellín 2025, 78, 11203-11212.

ABNT

PALACIO BETANCUR, S.; BOLAÑOS MARTINEZ, F. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaf disease detection using computer vision. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín, [S. l.], v. 78, n. 3, p. 11203–11212, 2025. DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v78n3.116493. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/refame/article/view/116493. Acesso em: 20 mar. 2026.

Chicago

Palacio Betancur, Sebastian, and Freddy Bolaños Martinez. 2025. “Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaf disease detection using computer vision”. Revista Facultad Nacional De Agronomía Medellín 78 (3):11203-12. https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v78n3.116493.

Harvard

Palacio Betancur, S. and Bolaños Martinez, F. (2025) “Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaf disease detection using computer vision”, Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín, 78(3), pp. 11203–11212. doi: 10.15446/rfnam.v78n3.116493.

IEEE

[1]
S. Palacio Betancur and F. Bolaños Martinez, “Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaf disease detection using computer vision”, Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellín, vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 11203–11212, Sep. 2025.

MLA

Palacio Betancur, S., and F. Bolaños Martinez. “Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaf disease detection using computer vision”. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín, vol. 78, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 11203-12, doi:10.15446/rfnam.v78n3.116493.

Turabian

Palacio Betancur, Sebastian, and Freddy Bolaños Martinez. “Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaf disease detection using computer vision”. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 78, no. 3 (September 1, 2025): 11203–11212. Accessed March 20, 2026. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/refame/article/view/116493.

Vancouver

1.
Palacio Betancur S, Bolaños Martinez F. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaf disease detection using computer vision. Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellín [Internet]. 2025 Sep. 1 [cited 2026 Mar. 20];78(3):11203-12. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/refame/article/view/116493

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