Multi-trait selection of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under semi-arid conditions in Algeria
Selección de múltiples características de genotipos de trigo harinero (Triticum aestivum L.) bajo condiciones semiáridas en Argelia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v78n3.117143Keywords:
Agronomic traits, ANOVA, Correlation, LSI, MGIDI, Wheat (en)Características agronómicas, ANOVA, Correlación, LSI, MGIDI, Trigo (es)
The selection of high-yielding bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with superior agronomic traits is critical for improving productivity in semi-arid regions like Algeria. To address national reliance on wheat imports and enhance local production, a preliminary yield trial was conducted in Constantine (36°16′ N, 6°40′ E) during the 2018–2019 cropping season. A total of 112 bread wheat genotypes, including local and international entries and five local checks, were evaluated using an augmented design with four blocks. Significant variability was detected among genotypes and checks for most traits, confirming the presence of exploitable genetic diversity. Phenotypic correlations showed that grain yield was positively associated with spike density (r=0.463) and thousand-kernel weight (r=0.557), while it was negatively correlated with days to heading (r=-0.293), indicating the advantage of early heading under drought conditions. Using the Least Significant Increase (LSI) method, genotypes G29, G38, and G9 were found to be significantly earlier than several local checks, while G65 outperformed at least one check across all traits. In parallel, the Multi-Trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) enabled the identification of 17 high-performing genotypes such as G60, G41, G65, and G111 alongside two superior local checks (C3 and C4). These genotypes combine favorable traits and are promising candidates for inclusion in breeding programs targeting yield stability and stress resilience. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into trait associations and highlights elite genetic materials suitable for advancing wheat improvement efforts in challenging semi-arid environments.
La selección de genotipos de trigo harinero (Triticum aestivum L.) de alto rendimiento con rasgos agronómicos superiores es fundamental para mejorar la productividad en regiones semiáridas como Argelia. Para reducir la dependencia nacional de las importaciones de trigo y aumentar la producción local, se llevó a cabo un ensayo preliminar de rendimiento en Constantina (36°16′ N, 6°40′ E) durante la temporada agrícola 2018–2019. Se evaluaron un total de 112 genotipos de trigo harinero, incluidos materiales locales e internacionales y cinco testigos locales, utilizando un diseño aumentado con cuatro bloques. Se detectó una variabilidad significativa entre genotipos y testigos para la mayoría de los rasgos, lo que confirma la presencia de diversidad genética aprovechable. Las correlaciones fenotípicas mostraron que el rendimiento en grano se asoció positivamente con la densidad de espigas (r=0,463) y el peso de mil granos (r=0,557), mientras que se correlacionó negativamente con los días hasta el espigado (r=-0,293), lo que indica la ventaja de un espigado temprano en condiciones de sequía. Utilizando el método de Least Significant Increase (LSI), se encontró que los genotipos G29, G38 y G9 fueron significativamente más precoces que varios testigos locales, mientras que G65 superó al menos a un testigo en todos los rasgos. Paralelamente, Multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI) permitió la identificación de 17 genotipos de alto rendimiento tales como G60, G41, G65 y G111, junto con dos testigos locales superiores (C3 y C4). Estos genotipos combinan características favorables y son candidatos prometedores para ser incluidos en programas de mejora enfocados a la estabilidad del rendimiento y la resiliencia al estrés. En general, el estudio proporciona información valiosa sobre las asociaciones entre rasgos y destaca materiales genéticos élite adecuados para avanzar en los esfuerzos de mejora del trigo en entornos semiáridos desafiantes.
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