In vitro propagation of sweet cucumber (Solanum muricatum Ait): Effects of auxins and cytokinins
Propagación in vitro de pepino dulce (Solanum muricatum Ait): Efectos de las auxinas y las citoquininas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v78n3.118004Keywords:
Cytokinin, Plant growth regulators, Plant tissue culture (en)Citocinina, Reguladores del crecimiento de las plantas, Cultivo de tejidos vegetales (es)
Sweet cucumber (Solanum muricatum Ait.) is a perennial shrub native to the Andean region and closely related to tomato and potato. Its fruit is valued for its high-water content and nutritional properties, including antioxidants, potassium, and vitamin C. However, its agricultural potential is constrained by low germination rates, high heterozygosity, and susceptibility to diseases. In vitro culture techniques offer a viable alternative for obtaining plant material with high genetic and phytosanitary quality. This study evaluated the in vitro regeneration of S. muricatum through organogenesis and shoot proliferation. During the establishment phase on semi-solid MS medium, supplementation with 1.5 mg L-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) enhanced bud regeneration, increased shoot height (2.69 cm), and promoted root formation, whereas higher concentrations (2.0 mg L-1) negatively affected regeneration. Shoot proliferation was stimulated by specific combinations of auxins and cytokinins, particularly IAA+BAP (1.0 + 0.2 mg L-1), which produced taller explants (7.7 cm) with a greater number of leaves (11.9). These findings provide useful information for optimizing in vitro propagation conditions for S. muricatum, with potential applications in germplasm conservation, production of disease-free plants, and genetic improvement of this underutilized species.
El pepino dulce (Solanum muricatum Ait.) es un arbusto perenne originario de la región andina y estrechamente relacionado con el tomate y la papa. Su fruto es valorado por su alto contenido de agua y propiedades nutricionales, incluidos antioxidantes, potasio y vitamina C. Sin embargo, su potencial agrícola se ve limitado por las bajas tasas de germinación, la alta heterocigosidad y la susceptibilidad a las enfermedades. Las técnicas de cultivo in vitro ofrecen una alternativa viable para la obtención de material vegetal de alta calidad genética y fitosanitaria. Este estudio evaluó la regeneración in vitro de S. muricatum a través de la organogénesis y la proliferación de brotes. Durante la fase de establecimiento en medio MS semisólido, la suplementación con 1,5 mg L-1 de ácido indol-3-acético (IAA) mejoró la regeneración de las yemas, aumentó la altura de los brotes (2,69 cm) y promovió la formación de raíces, mientras que las concentraciones más altas (2,0 mg L-1) afectaron negativamente la regeneración. La proliferación de brotes fue estimulada por combinaciones específicas de auxinas y citoquininas, particularmente IAA+BAP (1,0+0,2 mg L-1), que produjeron explantes más altos (7,7 cm) con un mayor número de hojas (11,9). Estos hallazgos proporcionan información útil para optimizar las condiciones de propagación in vitro de S. muricatum, con aplicaciones potenciales en la conservación de germoplasma, la producción de plantas libres de enfermedades y el mejoramiento genético de esta especie subutilizada.
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