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Comparative proteomic analysis of low-abundant whey proteins in sow and goat colostrum
Análisis proteómico comparativo de proteínas del suero de baja abundancia en calostro de cerda y cabra
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v79.118309Keywords:
Gene ontology, Milk proteome, Murciano-Granadina breed, Passive immunity, Pigs, Protein–protein interaction (en)Ontología génica, Proteoma de la leche, Raza murciano-granadina, Inmunidad pasiva, cerdos, Interacción proteína-proteína (es)
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This study compared the whey proteome of sow colostrum (SC) and goat colostrum (GC) using shotgun proteomics combined with protein equalization techniques (CPLL or ProteoMiner™) to enhance the detection of low-abundance proteins. Colostrum samples were pooled from 11 hand-milked sows (20 mL each, collected at 0 h postpartum), while GC samples (2 liters total) were collected from 50 goats during morning milking on day 1 postpartum. A total of 86 low-abundance proteins (<30 kDa) were identified: 26 unique to SC, 32 to GC, and 14 shared. Major whey proteins, including α-S1, α-S2, β-casein, κ-casein, and lactotransferrin (LTF), were present in both colostra. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment showed that SC proteins were mainly linked to biological regulation (49.04%) and immune response (11.49%), whereas GC proteins were associated with metabolic processes (26.98%) and biological regulation (26.43%), likely reflecting species-specific physiological differences. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis identified highly connected proteins such as LTF, α-lactalbumin, β-casein, Apolipoprotein, and Clusterin in both networks, with additional interactions involving serum albumin in SC. GC displayed unique interactions with Glycam-1, a glycosylated adhesion molecule related to the milk mucin complex, though its immune role remains unclear. These findings provide novel insight into the functional whey proteome of SC and GC, particularly regarding low-abundance proteins, and highlight the value of shotgun proteomics with protein equalization. Surplus goat colostrum emerges as a sustainable heterologous source to enhance piglet survival in hyperprolific systems. The study also underscores the need for parallel gel replicates to minimize technical variability in future proteomic analyses.
Este estudio comparó el proteoma del suero del calostro de cerda (SC) y del calostro de cabra (GC) utilizando proteómica shotgun combinada con técnicas de ecualización de proteínas (CPLL o ProteoMiner™) para mejorar la detección de proteínas de baja abundancia. Se prepararon muestras de calostro agrupadas de 11 cerdas ordeñadas a mano (20 mL cada una, recolectadas a las 0 h posparto), mientras que las muestras de GC (2 litros en total) se recolectaron de 50 cabras durante el ordeño matutino del día 1 posparto. Se identificaron un total de 86 proteínas de baja abundancia (<30 kDa): 26 exclusivas de SC, 32 de GC y 14 compartidas. Las principales proteínas del suero, incluidas α-S1, α-S2, β-caseína, κ-caseína y lactotransferrina (LTF), estuvieron presentes en ambos calostros. El análisis de enriquecimiento de Gene Ontology (GO) mostró que las proteínas de SC se relacionaron principalmente con la regulación biológica (49,04 %) y la respuesta inmune (11,49 %), mientras que las de GC se asociaron con procesos metabólicos (26,98 %) y regulación biológica (26,43 %), lo que probablemente refleja diferencias fisiológicas específicas de cada especie. El análisis de interacción proteína–proteína (PPI) identificó proteínas altamente conectadas como LTF, α-lactalbúmina, β-caseína, apolipoproteína y clusterina en ambas redes, con interacciones adicionales que involucraron albúmina sérica en SC. GC mostró interacciones únicas con Glycam-1, una molécula de adhesión glicosilada relacionada con el complejo de mucinas de la leche, aunque su función inmune sigue sin estar clara. Estos hallazgos proporcionan nueva información sobre el proteoma funcional del suero de SC y GC, particularmente sobre proteínas de baja abundancia, y resaltan el valor de la proteómica shotgun con ecualización de proteínas. El calostro excedente de cabra surge como una fuente heteróloga sostenible para mejorar la supervivencia de lechones en sistemas hiperprolíficos. El estudio también destaca la necesidad de replicados de gel paralelos para minimizar la variabilidad técnica en futuros análisis proteómicos.
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