Trichoderma harzianum application improves turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) growth, yield and rhizome quality
Aplicación de Trichoderma harzianum mejora el crecimiento, rendimiento y calidad del rizoma de cúrcuma (Curcuma longa L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v79.118981Keywords:
Agronomic performance, Biostimulant, Rhizome yield, Secondary metabolites, Turmeric (en)Desarrollo agronómico, Bioestimulante, Rendimiento de rizoma, Metabolitos secundarios, Cúrcuma (es)
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Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a high-value medicinal crop of growing economic and pharmaceutical relevance. However, optimizing its yield and quality remains a major challenge in tropical agricultural systems. This study evaluated the effects of Trichoderma harzianum on agronomic performance, yield, and rhizome quality of turmeric. A field trial was conducted in Iquitos, Peru, using a randomized complete block design with four treatments (0, 2, 4, and 6 g of T. harzianum conidia per plant). Applications were performed at transplanting (0 days) and at 60, 120, and 180 days after planting. Agronomic traits such as plant height, number of leaves and shoots, and fresh and dry rhizome yield and rhizome quality (protein and curcuminoid content) were assessed. Rhizome production varied significantly among treatments (P≤0.01). Observed yields increased from 6.52 kg per plot in the control to 8.92 kg at 4 g for fresh yield, and from 0.87 to 1.18 kg per plot for dry yield. Tukey’s test confirmed that all inoculated treatments outperformed the control (P<0.05), with no differences among inoculated groups. Regression modeling predicted an optimal fresh yield of 9.14 kg per plot (10.83 t ha-1) at 5.27 g per plant and a maximum curcuminoid content of 7.13% at 2.30 g per 100 g of dry rhizome. Yields declined at higher doses. These findings support T. harzianum as a promising biostimulant to improve turmeric productivity under tropical field conditions, requiring validation in broader production environments.
La cúrcuma (Curcuma longa L.) es un cultivo medicinal de alto valor con creciente relevancia económica y farmacéutica. Sin embargo, optimizar su rendimiento y calidad continúa siendo un reto en los sistemas agrícolas tropicales. El presente estudio evaluó el efecto de Trichoderma harzianum sobre el desarrollo agronómico, el rendimiento y la calidad del rizoma de cúrcuma. El ensayo de campo se realizó en Iquitos, Loreto (Perú), durante la campaña agrícola 2023. Se empleó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro tratamientos (0, 2, 4 y 6 g de conidios de T. harzianum por planta) y cinco repeticiones. Las aplicaciones se efectuaron al trasplante (0 días) y a los 60, 120 y 180 días después de la siembra. Se evaluaron parámetros de crecimiento (altura de planta, número de hojas y brotes), rendimiento de rizoma fresco y seco, y calidad del rizoma (proteínas y curcuminoides). La producción de rizoma varió significativamente entre tratamientos (P≤0,01). El rendimiento fresco observado aumentó de 6,52 kg por parcela en el control a 8,92 kg en 4 g por planta; el rendimiento seco pasó de 0,87 a 1,18 kg por parcela. La prueba de Tukey confirmó que todos los tratamientos inoculados superaron al control (P<0,05), sin diferencias entre los grupos tratados. El modelo de regresión predijo un rendimiento fresco óptimo de 9,14 kg por parcela (10,83 t ha-1) a 5,27 g por planta y un máximo de curcuminoides de 7,13% a 2,30 g por 100 g de rizoma seco. Dosis superiores redujeron el rendimiento. Estos hallazgos respaldan el uso de T. harzianum como biestimulante prometedor para mejorar la productividad de cúrcuma en condiciones tropicales, requiriendo validación en diferentes entornos productivos.
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