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Effect of antibiotic residues from subclinical mastitis on β-lactoglobulin concentration in bovine and goat milk
Efecto de los residuos de antibióticos por mastitis subclínica sobre la concentración de β-lactoglobulina en leche bovina y caprina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v78n3.119097Keywords:
Animal health, Food quality, HPLC, Milk proteins, Veterinary drug residues (en)Sanidad animal, Calidad alimentaria, HPLC, Proteínas de la leche, Residuos de medicamentos veterinarios (es)
β-Lactoglobulin (β-LG) is an important milk protein, accounting for approximately 10% of total milk protein and 50–60% of whey proteins. Its concentration can vary depending on the species and several factors, including the use of antibiotics in the treatment of conditions such as subclinical mastitis. If withdrawal periods are not properly observed, antibiotic residues may remain in the milk, compromising its quality and posing risks to consumers. This study evaluated the effect of antibiotic residues from the treatment of subclinical mastitis on the concentration of β-LG in milk from cattle (Bos taurus) and goats (Capra hircus) on farms located in Paipa, Boyacá (Colombia). Twelve milk samples were collected from Simhol and Jerhol cattle and from Saanen and Alpina goats that tested positive for subclinical mastitis using the CMT. Samples were collected before and 24 hours after treatment with beta-lactams and tetracyclines. β-LG concentration was quantified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and the data were analyzed using a linear model under a 2×2 factorial design with the following factors: antibiotic residues (present–absent) and species (cow-goat). A significant reduction of 0.43 g L-1 (P<0.05) in β-LG concentration was observed in association with the presence of antibiotic residues, with no interaction with species. These results are exploratory and suggest a possible negative impact of antibiotics on the functional and nutritional quality of milk, potentially related to protein carbonylation processes.
La β-Lactoglobulina (β-LG) es una proteína importante de la leche, representando aproximadamente el 10% del total proteico y entre el 50-60% de las proteínas del suero. Su concentración puede variar según la especie y diversos factores, como el uso de antibióticos en el tratamiento de enfermedades como la mastitis subclínica, los cuales, si no se respetan los tiempos de retiro, pueden dejar residuos en la leche que podrían comprometer su calidad composicional e inocuidad, representando un riesgo para el consumidor final. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de los residuos de antibióticos en el tratamiento de mastitis subclínica sobre la concentración de β-LG en leche de bovinos (Bos taurus) y caprinos (Capra hircus), en fincas ubicadas en Paipa, Boyacá (Colombia). Se recolectaron 12 muestras de leche de bovinos Simhol y Jerhol y caprinos Saanen y Alpina, positivos para esta afección mediante CMT. Las muestras se tomaron antes y 24 horas después del tratamiento con betalactámicos y tetraciclinas. La β-LG se cuantificó por medio de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución en fase reversa (RP-HPLC), y los datos se analizaron mediante un modelo lineal bajo un diseño factorial 2×2 con los factores: residuos antibióticos (presencia-ausencia) y especie (vaca-cabra). Se observó una reducción significativa de 0,43 g L-1 (P<0,05) en la concentración de β-LG asociada a la presencia de residuos antibióticos, sin interacción con la especie. Estos resultados constituyen hallazgos exploratorios que sugieren un posible impacto negativo de los antibióticos sobre la calidad funcional y nutricional de la leche, posiblemente relacionado con procesos de carbonilación proteica.
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