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Efficacy of Tithonia diversifolia and NPK fertilizers on papaya seedling growth in marginal soils
Eficacia de fertilizantes de Tithonia diversifolia y NPK en plántulas de papaya en suelos marginales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v78n3.119222Keywords:
Carica papaya seedlings, Low fertility soils, Organic fertilizers, Soil nutrient availability, Sustainable agriculture (en)Plántulas de Carica papaya, Suelos de baja fertilidad, Fertilizantes orgánicos, Disponibilidad de nutrientes del suelo, agricultura sostenible (es)
The utilization of marginal soils, particularly peat (Histosol) and Ultisol, presents challenges due to low fertility and unfavorable physical and chemical characteristics. This study evaluates the efficacy of liquid organic fertilizer derived from Tithonia diversifolia (wild sunflower) and compound NPK fertilizer (with a ratio 16:16:16) in stimulating the growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.) seedlings in tropical marginal soils. The soil samples were collected from agricultural lands in Riau Province, Indonesia, where both peat and Ultisol soils are dominant and commonly used for farming. A factorial experiment was conducted using a split-split plot design with two factors: T. diversifolia liquid fertilizer (0, 100, and 200 mL L-1) and NPK fertilizer (0, 1.5, and 3 g per polybag), applied to both peat and Ultisol soils. Each treatment combination was replicated three times in an open-field setting, with three seedlings grown in individual polybags per replicate. Significant interaction effects between T. diversifolia liquid fertilizer and NPK were observed on growth parameters, including plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, and leaf length. The combination of 200 mL L-1 T. diversifolia liquid fertilizer and 3 g per polybag of NPK resulted in the highest growth across both soil types. Peat soil showed comparatively better growth performance, attributed to higher water retention and organic matter content. These findings provide empirical evidence supporting the use of integrated organic and chemical fertilizers to enhance papaya seedling growth in low-fertility tropical soils.
El uso de suelos marginales, particularmente turba (Histosol) y Ultisol, presenta desafíos debido a su baja fertilidad y características físicas y químicas desfavorables. Este estudio evaluó la eficacia de un fertilizante orgánico líquido derivado de Tithonia diversifolia (girasol silvestre) y un fertilizante NPK compuesto (con proporción 16:16:16) en la estimulación del crecimiento de plántulas de papaya (Carica papaya L.) en suelos marginales tropicales. Las muestras de suelo se recolectaron en tierras agrícolas de la provincia de Riau, Indonesia, donde los suelos de turba y Ultisol son dominantes y se utilizan comúnmente para la agricultura. Se realizó un experimento factorial utilizando un diseño de parcelas divididas y subdivididas con dos factores: fertilizante líquido de T. diversifolia (0, 100 y 200 mL L-1) y fertilizante NPK (0, 1,5 y 3 g por bolsa), aplicados tanto en suelos de turba como en Ultisol. Cada combinación de tratamiento se replicó tres veces en condiciones de campo abierto, con tres plántulas cultivadas en bolsas individuales por repetición. Se observaron efectos de interacción significativos entre el fertilizante líquido de T. diversifolia y el NPK sobre los parámetros de crecimiento, incluidos la altura de planta, el diámetro del tallo, el número de hojas y la longitud de las hojas. La combinación de 200 mL L-1 de fertilizante líquido de T. diversifolia y 3 g de NPK por bolsa resultó en el mayor crecimiento en ambos tipos de suelo. El suelo de turba mostró un rendimiento de crecimiento comparativamente mejor, atribuido a su mayor retención de agua y contenido de materia orgánica. Estos hallazgos proporcionan evidencia empírica que respalda el uso de fertilizantes orgánicos y químicos integrados para mejorar el crecimiento de plántulas de papaya en suelos tropicales de baja fertilidad.
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1. Atika Suri, Syafrani Syafrani, Hermiza Mardesci, Anisa Mutamima, Farag M. Malhat, Indra Purnama, M. Aziz, R. Boukherroub, I. Purnama. (2025). Improving Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Productivity Using Coconut Shell Wood Vinegar and Trichoderma-Enriched Biochar in Suboptimal Soil. E3S Web of Conferences, 678, p.01005. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202567801005.
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