Effect of mineral fertilizer doses on sweet sorghum productivity and nutrient balance for bioethanol
Efecto de dosis de fertilizante mineral en productividad y balance de nutrientes de sorgo dulce
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v79.119327Keywords:
Biomass yield, Fertilizer efficiency, Sugar accumulation, Nutrient uptake, Sustainable agriculture (en)Rendimiento de biomasa, Eficiencia del fertilizante, Acumulación de azúcares, Absorción de nutrientes, Agricultura sostenible (es)
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The purpose of the study was to determine the mineral fertilizer dose that ensures maximum sweet sorghum biomass yield and bioethanol production in the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, as well as to establish the nutrient balance and the consistency of fertilizer doses with sustainable development principles. The research was conducted at the Ivanivka Research and Breeding Station (50°11ˈN, 35°03ˈE) from 2021 to 2023. The experimental design included five treatments: an unfertilized control and mineral fertilizer applications at rates of N60Р30K30, N90Р60K60, N120Р90K90, and the estimated rate N110P45K55. The study was carried out in four replications; each plot had a usable area of 100 m² and a harvested area of 73.1 m². It was established that the N120P90K90 and N110P45K55 fertilizer doses provided the highest biological productivity, with stem yields of 77.1 and 74.2 t ha-1, stem sugar content of 15.6%, and bioethanol outputs of 3.88 and 3.73 t ha-1, respectively. These fertilizer doses formed a positive soil phosphorus balance (9–49 kg ha-1), a slight nitrogen deficit (17–20 kg ha-1), and a pronounced potassium deficit (108–139 kg ha-1). In the long term, a potassium dose of 55–90 kg ha-1 may cause instability in potassium nutrition and require higher potassium fertilizer applications. Nitrogen doses of 110–120 kg ha-1 and phosphorus doses of 45 kg ha-1 were sufficient to achieve biomass yields above 70 t ha-1 and to meet sustainable development principles.
El propósito del estudio fue determinar la dosis de fertilizantes minerales que asegura el máximo rendimiento de biomasa de sorgo dulce y la producción de bioetanol en el este de la Estepa Forestal de Ucrania, así como establecer el balance de nutrientes y la correspondencia de las dosis de fertilización con los principios del desarrollo sostenible. La investigación se llevó a cabo en la estación de investigación y mejoramiento de Ivanivka (50°11′N, 35°03′E) entre 2021 y 2023. El diseño experimental incluyó cinco tratamientos: control sin fertilización y aplicaciones de fertilizantes minerales en las dosis N60Р30K30, N90Р60K60, N120Р90K90 y la dosis estimada N110P45K55. El estudio se desarrolló con cuatro repeticiones; el área útil de cada parcela fue de 100 m² y el área de cosecha de 73,1 m². Se determinó que las dosis N120P90K90 y N110P45K55 proporcionaron la mayor productividad biológica, con rendimientos de tallos de 77,1 y 74,2 t ha-1, contenido de azúcares en el tallo del 15,6% y producción de bioetanol de 3,88 y 3,73 t ha-1, respectivamente. Estas dosis generaron un balance positivo de fósforo en el suelo (9–49 kg ha-1), una ligera deficiencia de nitrógeno (17–20 kg ha-1) y una marcada deficiencia de potasio (108–139 kg ha-1). A largo plazo, una dosis de potasio de 55–90 kg ha-1 podría generar inestabilidad en la nutrición de potasio y requerir un incremento en las aplicaciones de fertilizantes potásicos. Las dosis de nitrógeno de 110-120 kg ha-1 y de fósforo de 45 kg ha-1 resultaron suficientes para obtener rendimientos de biomasa superiores a 70 t ha-1 y cumplir con los principios del desarrollo sostenible.
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