Fertilización de Physalis peruviana y su influencia en la calidad de la cerveza con dos cepas de levadura
Fertilization of Physalis peruviana and its influence on beer quality with two yeast strains
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v79.119732Keywords:
Blonde ale, Cerveza artesanal, Nutrición, Uchuva, Evaluación sensorial (es)Blonde ale, Craft beer, Nutrition, Cape gooseberry, Sensory evaluation (en)
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La uchuva (Physalis peruviana) es una fruta originaria de la región andina que posee propiedades organolépticas y nutricionales, haciéndola potencial para la elaboración de cerveza artesanal. Sin embargo, existe un vacío de conocimiento en términos de prácticas de fertilización y su efecto sobre la calidad del fruto y su producto final. En este sentido, el presente estudio se plantea evaluar el efecto de diferentes estrategias de nutrición sobre las características agronómicas de la uchuva y determinar cómo la combinación con dos cepas de levadura Saccharomyces influye en la calidad de la cerveza artesanal tipo Blonde Ale. Para esto se aplicaron semanalmente tratamientos de fertilización química completa y productos orgánicos comerciales y se compararon con un tratamiento control sin fertilización. Se evaluaron variables agronómicas del fruto (peso, diámetro, firmeza, sólidos solubles y acidez), parámetros fisicoquímicos y sensoriales de la cerveza (pH, grado alcohólico, color y aceptabilidad). Los resultados evidenciaron que la fertilización química completa produjo frutos de mayor rendimiento, más firmes y dulces. Las cervezas elaboradas presentaron estabilidad fisicoquímica, pero difirieron significativamente en la calidad sensorial en dependencia de la levadura utilizada. Respecto a la combinación de fertilización completa con la cepa S-04, se obtuvo mayor aceptabilidad, a razón del equilibrio entre dulzor y notas afrutadas, mientras que con la cepa K-97 resultó en una cerveza menos valorada, especialmente por su turbidez y acidez. Concluyendo así que la fertilización química optimiza la calidad del fruto y, al combinarla con una cepa adecuada, mejora sustancialmente las propiedades de la cerveza artesanal.
Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) is a fruit native to the Andean region that possesses organoleptic and nutritional properties, making it a potential candidate to produce craft beer. However, there is a knowledge gap in terms of fertilization practices and their effect on the quality of the fruit and its final product. In this sense, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of different nutrition strategies on the agronomic characteristics of cape gooseberry and to determine how the combination with two strains of Saccharomyces yeast influences the quality of the Blonde Ale type craft beer. For this purpose, weekly treatments of complete chemical fertilization and commercial organic products were applied and compared with a control treatment without fertilization. Agronomic variables of the fruit (weight, diameter, firmness, soluble solids, and acidity), physicochemical and sensory parameters of the beer (pH, alcohol content, color, and acceptability) were evaluated. The results showed that complete chemical fertilization produced higher-yielding, firmer, and sweeter fruit. The beers brewed showed physicochemical stability but differed significantly in sensory quality depending on the yeast used. The combination of complete fertilization with the S-04 strain resulted in higher acceptability, due to the balance between sweetness and fruity notes, while the K-97 strain resulted in a beer that was less appreciated, especially due to its turbidity and acidity. In conclusion, chemical fertilization optimizes the quality of the fruit and, when combined with a suitable strain, will substantially improve the properties of the craft beer.
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