Integrated management reduces Frosty Pod Rot in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) pods in Huila, Colombia
El manejo integrado reduce la moniliasis en mazorcas de Theobroma cacao L. en Huila, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v79.120359Keywords:
Crop management, Cultural practices, Epidemiology, Fungicide, Moniliophthora roreri (en)Manejo del cultivo, Prácticas culturales, Epidemiología, Fungicida, Moniliophthora roreri (es)
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Frosty Pod Rot (FPR) caused by Moniliophthora roreri is the most devastating disease affecting cacao production in Colombia. This study evaluated the efficacy of different management strategies against FPR in commercial cacao plantations (clone ICS-39) located in Huila, Colombia. Traditional Crop Management (TCM), which involved diseased fruit removal, was compared with Integrated Crop Management (ICM), which additionally included biweekly or weekly applications of chemical and biological fungicides. These management techniques were tested across three frequencies of diseased fruit removal: every 7, 14, and 21 days. Disease incidence (evaluated in immature and mature cacao pods) was quantified using the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Yield and a differential management index were also calculated. For immature cacao pods under natural infection conditions, ICM strategies significantly decreased disease incidence. In particular, ICM combined with diseased fruit removal every 7 days reduced AUDPC by 70% when compared to traditional management (TCM-7). In contrast, fruit removal every 21 days, even with ICM, proved less effective. These findings demonstrate the critical role of frequent removal of diseased cacao pods in combination with chemical and biological products. Integrated management represents an effective and valuable approach for FPR control, contributing to improved cacao productivity in commercial plantations in the Huila region.
La moniliasis de la mazorca del cacao causada por Moniliophthora roreri, es la enfermedad más devastadora para la producción de cacao en Colombia. En este estudio se evaluó la eficiencia de diferentes estrategias de manejo para esta enfermedad en plantaciones comerciales de cacao (clon ICS-39) en el departamento de Huila en Colombia. Se comparó el manejo tradicional del cultivo (TCM), que consistió en la eliminación de frutos enfermos, con el manejo integrado de cultivo (ICM), que además incluyó aplicaciones semanales o quincenales de fungicidas químicos y biológicos. Estas técnicas de manejo se probaron en tres frecuencias de eliminación de frutos enfermos: 7, 14 y 21 días. La incidencia de la enfermedad en frutos de cacao inmaduros y maduros fue cuantificada usando el área bajo la curva del progreso de la enfermedad (AUDPC). También se calcularon el rendimiento y un índice de manejo diferencial. Los resultados mostraron que, para las mazorcas de cacao inmaduras en condiciones naturales de infección, la estrategia del ICM disminuye la incidencia de la enfermedad. Especialmente, el ICM combinado con la eliminación de la mazorca cada 7 días redujo el AUDPC en un 70% comparado con el control tradicional (TCM-7). Por el contrario, la eliminación de los frutos cada 21 días, incluso con ICM, tiene menor efectividad. Estos resultados muestran la importancia de la frecuencia de eliminación de mazorcas enfermas de cacao y la combinación con la aplicación de productos químicos y biológicos. El manejo integrado constituye una estrategia eficaz y útil para el control de la moniliasis, mejorando la productividad del cultivo de cacao en plantaciones comerciales del departamento del Huila.
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