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Biodegradation of commercial cypermethrin by microorganisms isolated from agricultural soils exposed to pyrethroid pesticides
Biodegradación de cipermetrina comercial por microorganismos aislados de suelos agrícolas expuestos a pesticidas piretroides
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v79.120411Keywords:
Degradation kinetics, Bioremediation , Bacteria, Fungi, Pyrethroid (en)Cinética de degradación, Bioremediación, Bacteria, Hongos, Piretroide (es)
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The increasing use of pesticides in agricultural systems is a major contributor to water body pollution. Cypermethrin, a highly toxic insecticide for aquatic organisms, is one of the most commonly sprayed pesticides in small agricultural towns in Bolivian valleys. Therefore, eco-friendly strategies are required to degrade this pesticide. Microorganisms capable of degrading cypermethrin could be used for the remediation of soil and water systems. In this work, fungal and bacterial strains from agricultural soils (Tahuapalca, Bolivia) with the ability to grow with cypermethrin as their sole carbon source were isolated. Their ability to degrade pesticides under static and agitated conditions was studied. Three microbial isolates successfully degraded 74.5% of cypermethrin (1.5 g L-1) in 41 days under static conditions. Agitation during incubation significantly enhanced degradation activity by fungal isolates, achieving 95% degradation of cypermethrin within 10 days. The presence of sucrose as an extra carbon source did not improve cypermethrin degradation under agitated conditions.
El uso creciente de pesticidas en los sistemas agrícolas es una de las principales fuentes de contaminación de los cuerpos de agua. La cipermetrina, un insecticida altamente tóxico para los organismos acuáticos, es uno de los pesticidas más comúnmente aplicados en pequeñas localidades agrícolas de los valles bolivianos. Por lo tanto, se necesita una solución ecológica para degradar este pesticida. Los microorganismos capaces de degradar este compuesto podrían ser una alternativa para biorremediar sistemas de agua y suelos. En este trabajo, se aislaron cepas fúngicas y bacterianas de suelos agrícolas (Tahuapalca, Bolivia) con la capacidad de crecer con este pesticida como su única fuente de carbono. Se determinó su capacidad para degradar el pesticida en condiciones estáticas y con agitación. Tres de los aislados microbianos degradaron con éxito el 74.5% de la cipermetrina (1,5 g L-1) en 41 días en condiciones estáticas. La agitación durante la incubación mejoró significativamente la actividad fúngica de degradación, logrando una degradación de hasta el 95% de la cipermetrina en 10 días. Por otro lado, se observó que la presencia de sacarosa como fuente adicional de carbono no mejoró significativamente la degradación de este pesticida en condiciones de agitación.
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