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Caracterización granulométrica y variabilidad del tamaño de grano en genotipos de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) en Cauca, Colombia
Granulometric characterization and grain size variability of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes in Cauca, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v79.122281Keywords:
Calibre de grano, Fracciones granulométricas, Calidad física del grano, Tamizado, Peso de mil semillas, Rendimiento (es)Grain caliber, Granulometric fractions, Physical grain quality, Sieving, Thousand-seed weight, Yield (en)
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La caracterización granulométrica constituye una herramienta fundamental para diferenciar genotipos de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) con atributos físicos y productivos de interés para el mejoramiento genético y la competitividad agroindustrial. Sin embargo, en Colombia aún son limitados los estudios que integran la distribución granulométrica del grano con variables de rendimiento, lo cual restringe la selección de materiales que combinen productividad y calidad física para mercados especializados. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento, el peso, el espesor y la distribución granulométrica del grano en cuatro genotipos (Fam37, Fam56, Fam110 y el testigo comercial Blanca de Jericó) establecidos en La Palma, municipio de Totoro (Cauca, Colombia), bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se midieron la producción por planta, el peso de mil semillas, el peso y porcentaje de grano retenido en tamices de 1,7, 1,4 y 1,0 mm, y el espesor en cada fracción. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y prueba de Tukey (P<0,05), además de modelos de regresión lineal. El análisis de varianza reveló diferencias altamente significativas (P<0,001) para todas las variables. Fam56 presentó el mayor rendimiento (30,9 g por planta), Fam37 destacó por el mayor peso de mil semillas (2,99 g) y mayor proporción de grano retenido en 1,7 mm (15,75 g; 59,05%), mientras que Fam110 exhibió el mayor espesor (1,20 mm) y una distribución más uniforme. Los modelos de regresión indicaron que el peso de mil semillas explicó el 81% de la variación en el peso y el 75% del porcentaje retenido en 1,7 mm (P<0,001), evidenciando su utilidad para el acondicionamiento y la clasificación comercial del grano, así como para apoyar decisiones de selección en programas de mejoramiento. Se concluye que Fam37 y Fam56 combinan alto rendimiento y calidad física, siendo materiales promisorios para el fitomejoramiento y la agroindustria.
Granulometric characterization is a fundamental tool for differentiating quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes with physical and productive attributes of interest for genetic improvement and agro-industrial competitiveness. However, in Colombia, studies integrating grain-size distribution with yield-related variables remain limited, restricting the selection of materials that combine productivity with superior physical grain quality for specialized markets. This study aimed to evaluate yield, grain weight, thickness, and granulometric distribution in four genotypes (Fam37, Fam56, Fam110, and the commercial check Blanca de Jerico) established in La Palma village, Totoro municipality (Cauca, Colombia), under a randomized complete block design with four replications. Grain yield per plant, thousand-seed weight, grain weight and percentage retained on 1.7, 1.4, and 1.0 mm sieves, and grain thickness within each fraction were measured. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test (P<0.05), in addition to linear regression models. ANOVA revealed highly significant differences (P<0.001) for all variables. Fam56 showed the highest yield (30.9 g per plant), Fam37 exhibited the highest thousand-seed weight (2.99 g) and the greatest proportion retained on the 1.7 mm sieve (15.75 g; 59.05%), whereas Fam110 presented the greatest grain thickness (1.20 mm) and a more uniform distribution. Regression models indicated that thousand-seed weight explained 81% of the variation in grain weight and 75% of the percentage retained on the 1.7 mm sieve (P<0.001), demonstrating its usefulness for seed conditioning and commercial grain grading, as well as for supporting selection decisions in breeding programs. These results indicate that Fam37 and Fam56 combine high yield with superior physical grain quality, highlighting their potential as promising materials for breeding and agro-industrial applications.
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