Effect of regrowth age and weather on the nutritional quality of Neonotonia wightii cv Longicauda in Pastaza, Ecuador
Efecto de la edad de rebrote y clima en la calidad nutritiva de Neonotonia wightii cv Longicauda en Pataza, Ecuador
Keywords:
Digestibility, Fermentation kinetics, Secondary metabolites, Regrowth age, Seasonality, Forage quality (en)Digestibilidad, Cinética de fermentación, Metabolitos secundarios, Edad de rebrote, Estacionalidad, Calidad del forraje (es)
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Neonotonia wightii cv. Longicauda is a tropical legume that supports sustainable ruminant production in humid ecosystems. The study evaluated regrowth age (30, 60, and 90 days) and seasonal rainfall patterns affecting its nutritional quality in Pastaza, Ecuador. Plots were harvested during the rainy (December–February) and low-rainfall periods (July–September) using a randomized complete block design with six replicates. Crude protein declined sharply with maturity, decreasing from 25.0 to 14.5% in the rainy period and from 23.5 to 16.2% in the dry period between 30 and 90 days. This reduction reflected protein dilution as structural carbohydrates accumulated during progressive lignification. Fiber fractions (NDF, ADF, lignin) increased correspondingly, reducing in vitro dry matter digestibility from 75.0 to 59.7% in the rainy period and from 70.6 to 65.3% in the dry period. Soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose) decreased by 70–85% with advancing maturity. Secondary metabolites, particularly total tannins and phenols, accumulated markedly under low-rainfall conditions and at later growth stages, likely as a plant defense response to water stress. Metabolizable energy followed the same declining pattern with maturity but remained consistently higher during the rainy period. Remarkably, fermentation kinetics parameters (asymptotic gas volume, rate, lag time) remained stable across all treatments, indicating consistent ruminal fermentability despite compositional changes. The results showed that harvest timing determines forage quality, younger regrowth better preserves protein content and digestibility, especially during drought conditions. Integrating seasonal rainfall patterns into cutting management optimizes nutritional value and strengthens resilient livestock production in tropical environments.
Neonotonia wightii cv. Longicauda es una leguminosa tropical que favorece la producción sostenible de rumiantes en ecosistemas húmedos. El estudio analizó el efecto de la edad de rebrote (30, 60 y 90 días) y los patrones de lluvia estacional sobre su calidad nutricional en Pastaza, Ecuador. Se cosecharon parcelas en el período lluvioso (diciembre a febrero) y en el de poco lluvioso (julio a septiembre) mediante un diseño de bloques completos al azar con seis repeticiones. La proteína cruda disminuyó con la madurez desde 25,0 hasta 14,5% en lluvias y desde 23,5 hasta 16,2% en poca lluvia entre los 30 y 90 días. Esta caída reflejó dilución proteica por acumulación de carbohidratos estructurales durante la lignificación progresiva. Las fracciones de fibra (NDF, ADF, lignina) aumentaron y redujeron la digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca de 75,0 a 59,7% en lluvias y de 70,6 a 65,3% en poca lluvia. Los azúcares solubles (glucosa, fructosa, sacarosa) bajaron entre 70 y 85% al avanzar la madurez. Los metabolitos secundarios, especialmente taninos totales y fenoles se acumularon en condiciones de poca lluvia y en etapas avanzadas de crecimiento como respuesta de defensa al estrés hídrico. La energía metabolizable descendió con la madurez, pero se mantuvo más alta en la temporada lluviosa. Los parámetros de cinética de fermentación (volumen de gas asintótico, tasa, tiempo de retardo) permanecieron estables en todos los tratamientos, lo que indica fermentabilidad ruminal constante pese a cambios composicionales. Los resultados mostraron que el momento de cosecha define la calidad del forraje; los rebrotes jóvenes conservan mejor la proteína y la digestibilidad, sobre todo en sequía. Integrar los patrones de lluvia estacional en el manejo del corte optimiza el valor nutricional y fortalece la producción ganadera resiliente en ambientes tropicales.
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