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Assessment of Grain Quality Traits in Advanced Durum Wheat Breeding Lines Under Semi-Arid Conditions
Evaluación de Caracteres de la Calidad del Grano en Líneas Avanzadas de Trigo Duro en Condiciones Semiáridas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v79.123336Keywords:
Gluten, Hectoliter weight, Triticum durum, Physicochemical properties, Protein content, Selection (en)Gluten, Peso hectolítrico, Triticum durum, Propiedades fisicoquímicas, Contenido de proteína, Selección (es)
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The identification of durum wheat genotypes combining superior grain quality with adaptation to semi-arid conditions is a major breeding objective. This study evaluated the physicochemical and technological grain quality traits of eight durum wheat genotypes (six advanced lines: T3, T5, T11, T18, T26, T42; two controls: Bidi17, Waha) grown under rainfed conditions in eastern Algeria. A completely randomized field experiment with three replications was conducted, and grain samples were analyzed for physical traits (hectoliter weight, HW; thousand-kernel weight, TKW; starchy kernels, SK; speckling rate, SR) and chemical parameters (protein content, PC; wet and dry gluten, WG and DG; gluten index, GI; water-binding capacity, WB; ash content, AC). Analysis of variance revealed significant to highly significant genotypic differences for all traits. Genotypes T5 and T26 achieved the highest HW (78.33 kg hL⁻¹), meeting international standards, while TKW (18.44-26.84 g) remained below optimal ranges due to environmental stress. T18 showed the highest incidence of SK (10%) and SR (19%). Control varieties exhibited superior PC (19.10-20.67%), WG (52.97-55.67%), and DG (19.47-19.73%), confirming their technological quality. T5 recorded the highest GI (52.01%), comparable to controls. PC correlated positively with gluten traits and TKW, while TKW correlated negatively with visual defects. The study identified T5 and T26 as promising for physical quality, and Bidi17 and Waha as valuable quality benchmarks to support genotype selection in breeding programs.
La identificación de genotipos de trigo duro que combinen calidad superior del grano con adaptación a condiciones semiáridas es un objetivo principal del mejoramiento genético. Este estudio evaluó las características fisicoquímicas y tecnológicas de ocho genotipos de trigo duro (seis líneas avanzadas: T3, T5, T11, T18, T26, T42; dos testigos: Bidi17, Waha) cultivados en secano en el este de Argelia. Se realizó un experimento de campo con diseño completamente aleatorizado y tres repeticiones, analizando caracteres físicos (peso hectolítrico, PH; peso de mil granos, PMG; granos harinosos, GH; granos teñidos, GT) y parámetros químicos (proteína, CP; gluten húmedo y seco, GH y GS; índice de gluten, IG; capacidad de retención de agua, CRA; cenizas, CC). El ANOVA reveló diferencias genotípicas significativas a altamente significativas para todos los caracteres. T5 y T26 alcanzaron el mayor PH (78,33 kg hL⁻¹), cumpliendo estándares internacionales, mientras que el PMG (18,44-26,84 g) se mantuvo por debajo de los rangos óptimos. T18 mostró la mayor incidencia de GH (10%) y GT (19%). Los testigos exhibieron CP superior (19,10-20,67%), GH (52,97-55,67%) y GS (19,47-19,73%), confirmando su calidad tecnológica. T5 registró el IG más alto (52,01%), comparable a los testigos. La CP se correlacionó positivamente con los caracteres del gluten y el PMG, mientras que el PMG se correlacionó negativamente con defectos visuales. El estudio identificó a T5 y T26 como prometedores para calidad física, y a Bidi17 y Waha como valiosos referentes de calidad para apoyar la selección genotípica en programas de mejora.
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