Integrated role of mushroom waste compost in suppressing Rhizoctonia solani and enhancing cucumber seedling growth
Papel integrado del compost de desechos de hongos en la supresión de Rhizoctonia solani y la mejora del crecimiento de las plántulas de pepino
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v79.125240Keywords:
Agaricus bisporus, Antifungal activity, Biological control, Compost waste, Phytotoxicity (en)Agaricus bisporus, Actividad antifúngica, Control biológico, Residuos de compost, Fitotoxicidad (es)
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The present study was carried out to assess the potential of compost waste from the Agaricus bisporus mushroom to control in vitro and in vivo growth of Rhizoctonia solani, the cause of damping-off and root rot diseases in cucumber. Three concentrations (10, 20, and 30%) of mushroom waste extract were used in vitro to evaluate their effects on the radial growth of R. solani grown in Petri dishes using potato dextrose agar (PDA) as the growth medium. There were up to 36 and 31.9% reductions in fungal growth with one-year- and two-year-old compost waste extracts, respectively, over the control. The 100 mL L-1 concentration displayed the most substantial antifungal activity. In vivo experiments under plastic pot conditions further revealed that compost maturity and sterilization status significantly affected seed germination and radicle growth. Sterilized two-year-old compost extract enhanced cucumber seed germination by 83.9% and radicle length by 60.6 mm, while sterilized one-year-old extract showed phytotoxicity, reducing germination to 40.5% and radicle length by 29.41 mm. Unsterilized extracts from both compost ages completely inhibited seed germination. These findings highlight the integrated role of mushroom compost waste extracts as antifungal agents and growth modulators, emphasizing that only properly matured and sterilized compost should be applied. The study evaluates that the aqueous extracts of mushroom compost waste may serve as an alternative to synthetic fungicides for managing soil-borne pathogens in cucumber production.
El presente estudio se llevó a cabo para evaluar el potencial de los residuos de compost del hongo Agaricus bisporus en el control del crecimiento in vitro e in vivo de Rhizoctonia solani, causante de las enfermedades de damping-off (marchitamiento fúngico) y pudrición radicular en el pepino. Se utilizaron tres concentraciones (10, 20 y 30%) de extracto de residuos de hongos in vitro para evaluar sus efectos sobre el crecimiento radial de R. solani cultivado en placas de Petri, utilizando agar papa dextrosa (PDA) como medio de cultivo. Se observaron reducciones de hasta un 36 y 31,9% en el crecimiento fúngico con extractos de residuos de compost de uno y dos años de antigüedad, respectivamente, en comparación con el control. La concentración de 100 mL L-1 mostró la actividad antifúngica más significativa. Los experimentos in vivo en macetas de plástico revelaron además que la madurez del compost y su estado de esterilización afectaron significativamente la germinación de las semillas y el crecimiento de la radícula. El extracto esterilizado de compost de dos años mejoró la germinación de las semillas de pepino 83,9% y la longitud de la radícula 60,6 mm, mientras que el extracto esterilizado de un año mostró fitotoxicidad, reduciendo la germinación al 40,5%. Los extractos no esterilizados de ambas edades de compost inhibieron completamente la germinación. Estos hallazgos resaltan el papel dual de los extractos de residuos de compost de hongos como agentes antifúngicos y moduladores del crecimiento, enfatizando que solo debe aplicarse compost debidamente madurado y esterilizado. El estudio evalúa que los extractos acuosos de los residuos del compost de champiñones pueden servir como alternativa a los fungicidas sintéticos para el control de patógenos transmitidos por el suelo en la producción de pepinos.
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